Water pollution in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

body of water pollution in china - Essay ExampleIn novel yearsthe world has been shocked at chinas rate of economic development. It was almost as if it happened overnight because all of a sudden China was a super-power in terms of its financial power. This has mostly been due to its several industries in the country which beside providing income for the people and revenue for the government, this has as well as come at a hefty price- pollution. The factories and production plants emit harmful gases and wastes which in turn pollute the environment. Chinas environmental pollution problems have become a major concern around the world mostly because of its dense population, estimated at around 1 billion. Water pollution in particular is a very in effect(p) problem in China. To put this into perspective, China had an estimated 50, 000 rivers unfortunatley more than half of those rivers have since disappeared. A report from the Ministry of Environmental Protection indicates that, Up to 40 percent of Chinas rivers were seriously polluted and 20 percent were so polluted their water quality was rated too toxic even to come into contact with. (Yongqiang, 2013). Water pollution not only threatens human health and development, but also jeopardizes Chinas economic development plans (Economy, 2013). It is reported that water shortages cause an estimated blemish of U.S. $11.2 billion (120 billion yen), while the its shock on human health has been approximated at U.S. $3.9 billion (41.73 billion yen per year). There has been a debate as to whether pollution should be dealt with austerely mainly because it will involve taking draconian measures against companies found liable. This will have a negative economic impact in the country. So the real debate is whether China wants to forego its economic development and in turn focus on eradicating pollution. This paper will locution into the water pollution issue at length while seeking to answer whether economic development should be at the peril of the environment and humanity. The power is of the view that economic development should not be pursued at all costs. There are limits as to how far one can/should go in order to make profits. Currently in China there is no line to be crossed and companies are taking advantage of this. defilement This refers to the taint of air, water, or soil by substances which are harmful to living organisms. These substances may differ and they back up at varying degrees depending on their concentration. Examples of substances that may contaminate admit chemicals, waste (human and industrial) etc. These substances may also be referred to as pollutants. Water is very essential to not only human life, but also animal and plant life. In order for all these lives to be sustained, water is required but not just any water but refreshing and fit for consumption water. The quality of water which is declining at a very fast pace is mostly affected by human activities (Taylor, 2013). Some of the factors attributed to this include population growth, the rise of urbanization, industrial production, among other factors. Industries are the largest source of water pollution and it is reported that several sources of water have a certain contamination level from industrial waste and chemicals (Spector, 2013). The management of waste water is a global challenge affecting various regions of the world. The existing sanitation- both industrial and municipal water treatment infrastructure is overloaded, they then seep directly into the environment thus contaminating the groundwater sources. Reports indicate that every day, approximately two million rafts of sewage is discharged into the planets various water bodies- oceans, lakes and rivers. Currently, there are systems in place which have been set up to deal with much(prenominal) however they have thus far been unable to support the growing population and urbanization. Pursuing Economic Development at all costs nearly companies have argued that focusing on pollution as

Criminal Orginizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Criminal Orginizations - Essay ExampleNo wonder that the same invention which kindlyly is a help may bring about new social trouble when groups clash with groups, or when minor units, families, crowds, or neighborhoods run snack counter to the de military mands of the supreme unit, the state. It is not always easy to reconcile conflicting codes and loyalties.The reading suggests that organized discourtesy can be explained as illegal activities aimed to gain pecuniary profits with the help of unlawful actions of disciple Ned groups of people. The code is acknowledged and the state sets its categorical claims aside. Again group loyalty is permitted to assume the first place. Organized offensive group life and structure are subject to other forces which do not stand still. They are deeply affected by technological innovations, the work age, the age of birth control, the age of ideologies. Through the medium of nascent and dying units all these basic factors of human development a nd reversion bear on distressing behavior. A group comes into existence when at least one other person enters into relations with a given individual. Organized crime life presupposes interaction. The skin senses should therefore be not completely ephemeral or one-sided. A passer-by who happens to be knocked down in a dark street does not form a unit with the robber. He may be drunk and scarcely aware of the aggressor. He may even fight back. In no case has a group been set up. Yet there can be beginnings of organized crime with the policeman on his regular beat, with the boss, with a teacher or a priest. Imaginary partners and a persons sincere belief may constitute a social unit, fanciful, it is true, but operative (Lunde and Morton 2004). In general, organized crime groups require some continuity, intimacy, and emotional content. There are surely group relations between father and son, between two friends, two lovers. Hate and worry are not absolutely group-preventing when com pulsive nearness in a prison, in an office, in a neighborhood establishes a contact that otherwise would be avoided. Such units, of course, by necessity live on compromises, private nonaggression pacts, and methods of cooperation. Yet they may have a bearing on both partners behavior. The good prisoner and the warden often live for years in the interdependence of this relationship and act accordingly. Much more often we think of a plurality of persons when we speak of social units. But the simple aggregate is not yet a group sociologically. It does not matter that they meet by chance in a certain square or room. This is just a multitude. But as soon as they go into the streets to show their love or their hate for the same man or the same cause a metamorphosis has taken place. For a short time at least they have fallen in track psychologically among all the remaining disparities one identity has made its appearance, which takes command of the multitude and suddenly makes it one, unu m, an organized crime unit. The permanence of these groups does not mean that down their rigid structure individuals do not come and go. Young people leave their families and set up their own homes. In a highly competitive world, Organized crime groups are designed to substitute for individual competition. The strength of the organized crime u

Corporate Culture and Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Corporate Culture and Performance - Essay ExampleWhile organizational values occupy to employees, profit, customers, stakeh overageders, community, and the like, individual goals will relate to fairness, honesty, trust, respect, quality, and cooperation. These are precisely the values that are inherent in the organizational values statement. Alone, these organizational values are far too general and leave to interpretation. It is easy to forget the particular and complicated nature of human moral experience (Kotter, 2003).Thinking about and discussing the ethical implications of a goal is more unimaginative and valuable than using a list of values or ethical models. Acting on the ethical implications is even more valuable. Ethical action in modern organizations is the relentless effort to make values a part of the goal-setting equation. Where the managers go wrong, however, is in expecting more from these values than they can deliver. it s organizational grow reflects unique indu stry requirements and customers expectations. Each application deals with the realities of a particular goal and how to accomplish it. It is possible to say that new changes will be influenced by old principles of work and will need a new set of principles for further change. In this case, corporate culture is the real foundation on which organizational morals is built.

Compose own question Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Compose own question - Literature review ExampleIn general, this study presumes that the potential success of heaven hotel was very much hooklike on the companys ability to meet the needs and wants of prospective clients. Therefore, this study aims to address the following research questions (1) What are the branding strategies currently creation used by Shangri-la hotel? (2) How does Shangri-la hotel benefit from its branding strategies? and (3) What is the significance of brand positioning and branding within the modern international tourism sedulousness? Chapter II Literature Review 2.1 Current Branding Strategies of Shangri-la Hotel First of every(prenominal), it is essential to take note that the target customers of Shangri-la are the influential batch who are able to pay first-rate price for its food and lodging services. Meaning, this particular hotel company has positioned its brand as one that offers luxury hotel products and services (Shangri-La, 2013a). This explain s wherefore Shangri-la continuously serve the best quality products and maintains its stylish, modern, and motivational architectural and interior design (Shangri-La, 2013c). As a result, Shangri-la created a competitive wages which allows them to charge its customers with hotel accommodation fee much higher than the fee of other hotels worldwide (Schmitt and Rogers, 2008, p. 79). Generally, multinational companies such as Shangri-la uses a global announce strategy as part of their global campaigns (Jiang and Wei, 2012). To establish and reinforce Shangri-las brand image, the top management of this particular hotel group uses either affable networking sites or e-mail when advertising and promoting their special offers on bridal packages among others (Facebook, 2013). In some cases, Shangri-la has posted its special offers on bridal magazines (Shangri-La, 2013d). Customers satisfaction is powerfully influenced by its brand image. In most cases, customers who are satisfied with wh at they receive from the hotel may end up developing a stronger brand recognition and in conclusion remain loyal to the brand (Clottey, Collier and Stodnick, 2008). To bring high quality service, Shangri-la offers important training and development programme for the benefit of its employees (Shangri-La, 2013e). Not all people can afford the high price of Shangri-las accommodation rate. Associated to the brand of Shangri-la, this particular hotel company created a separate brand and in conclusion positioned it as a hotel that offers cheaper and more affordable rate for its hotel service (Kerry Hotels, 2013). For example, Traders Hotel was established to serve the lodging needs of the price-sensitive clients worldwide (Traders Hotels, 2013). To serve the Chinese community in Beijing, Shangri-la established the Kerry Hotel sometime in 2011 (Kerry Hotels, 2013). 2.2 Advantages of Shangri-Las Existing Branding Strategies Advertising is necessary to create brand familiarity or make Shan gri-las target customers feel special and associated with the brand (Fuchs, 2008). Often times, brand familiarity increases not only the customers

The privacy of your medical records Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The privacy of your medical records - Essay ExampleHowever, many have come to accord that their employer has the right to essentially do the same thing by monitoring emails. Is wrong always wrong or do employers have a wide agreed upon caveat to intrude on the privacy of American citizens? Some believe that because the Constitution forbids illegal searches which are the precedent for disallowing the wiretapping of citizens, this should apply to businesses as well. computer networks are especially susceptible to employer scrutiny. According to a Privacy Foundation study (Privacy Foundation, 2001), 14 million U.S. employees are subject to this type of surveillance on a constant basis. Employers use specially designed software for this purpose. They are able to scrutinize employee e-mail by randomly reading communications or by selecting key damaging words or phrases in order to flag e-mail. The software evaluates a companys e-mail contentednesss by selected line of phrase and makes a determination regarding whether a message is genuine and non-threatening corporate business. These programs are becoming ever more sophisticated using algorithms to evaluate communications patterns and relay this information to employers. Many employers are always just a click or two away from viewing every e-mail message that employees send or receive on computers included on the network. These employers give a variety of justifications for spying on their employees communications including the protection of trade secrets, the barroom of internal problems or excess e-mails clogging networks by using too much bandwidth. Another popular reason given for monitoring personal e-mails is to frustrate employees from using company time for personal communications. Checking for quality of work would violate few peoples idea of crossing the privacy boundary just now that is seldom a reason given for such monitoring. According to the American Management Study (2001), close to two-thirds of all companies

Competition to Gain Competitive Advantage among Firms Essay Example for Free

Competition to Gain Competitive Advantage among Firms EssayIn the up-to-the-minute world market, there are m whatever products and services available to fulfill the needs of individual and businesses. According to Barney, Wright and Ketchen (2001), to succeed in such a emulous market, a competitive advantage is required to provide any firm with necessary tools, useful in increasing sales and market share, improving salary margins for a given period of time in a new existing market, ensure survival of the firm in extremely competitive markets and withal develop hard to copy mixes. A firm that lacks competitive advantage can imitate firms that already have an edge in competition, either through direct duplication of resources or substitution (Combe, 2006). The firm can determine which way to go, by first conducting a research of the main competitors, so as to identify the resources they have, that contribute to their success in the market (Porter, 1980). When this is establish ed, the firm should consequently evaluate itself so as to get the resources it has, and whether it is feasible to invest on these resources so as to improve its competitiveness in the market.Among the things that the firms can do to improve its competitive advantage is to introduce new products and processes, it can withal adopt managerial methods and organizational form from the better firms and also engage in timely investment during market entry (Combe, 2006). In addition to this, the firm should learn what the customers want, cautiously fail their competitors and create product differentiation with creative techniques.The goal of any new introduction is to meet consumers needs with a quality product at the lowest accomplishable cost in order to return the highest level of profit (Combe, 2006). Introduction of new products can be broken down into 5 distinct parts which include idea validation, conceptual design, specification and design, prototype and testing and commercial ization (Porter, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE 1980). If the new product satisfies the consumers needs then it going to be appreciated well in the market, and put the company in a good competitive edge.Adopting managerial methods and organizational form is also important. The firm should adopt the managerial methods practiced by the better firm so as to realize a competitive edge (Barney et al. , 2001). This poses some challenges in terms of resources in cases where additional input of capital is required. Nevertheless if the investment is worth, then we should not give up. Also investments in the market should be carried divulge timely so that the prevailing market conditions do not negatively affect the investments leading to big loses incurred by the firm (Porter, 1980).The firm should investigate to know the best investment periods so that its on the correct path of competition. Bad timing of entry into the market can really make any firm to lose grip of the market by incurring great l oses that might take time for the firm to recover (Barney et al. , 2001). Thirdly the firm should analyze the market to know what the consumers want and the form in which they want it. If the customer becomes the priority in any firm, then the firm should realize some benefits as a result of customer loyalty (Porter, 1980).The design of the products should also be done creatively in a way that is most convenient to the customers. Products may be similar in all aspects but a small difference in presentation can greatly increase its demand in the market. Competitive advantage can be attained if the current strategy is value-creating and not currently being implemented by present or possible future competitors (Barney et al. , 1991).Competitive advantage has the dexterity to be sustained but a competing firm can enter the market with a resource that has the ability to invalidate the priors firms competitive advantage and is COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE therefore independent of timeframe. Wh en imitation actions comes to an end without disrupting the firms competitive advantage then the firms strategy can be called sustainable. Porter (1985) portrays contrary views that competitive advantage is maintained when it provides above average returns in the long run.

Person-Centred Therapy Essay Example for Free

soul-Centred Therapy EssayThe Person Centred nuzzle is based upon the opening and philosophy of Carl Rogers. This approach in its driven-up is familiar to the universal public as it is render in the media and is often expected therefore that a counselling session would take place in this format. At offshoot glance the counselling move which has derived from the theory of Rogers, in a real therapy situation appears simplistic. To fully answer the question whether this blueprint offers a therapist either they need to mete expose their customers it is definitive to have a sound knowledge of the theory, and identify the successes and drawbacks connected with this. In the 1950s Carl Rogers gained cheers for publishing Client Centred Therapy and for his buy the farm on the Person Centred approach. Rogers work is still valued and forms the basis for many theoretical and practical approaches to counselling. Rogers work was classified as a Humanistic Therapy and fits wit hin the three master(prenominal) forms of psychological therapies today, which atomic number 18 listed below* Behavioural Therapies* Psychoanalytical and Psychodynamic Therapies* Humanistic TherapiesPerson Centred counselling was based around three core conditions, devised by Rogers1. Unconditional Positive move2. Genuineness/Congruence3. EmpathyIt is subscribe toed essential for all counsellors to display these attri alonees and to consistently provide these to each lymph gland irrespective of circumstance. The Person Centred approach views the guest as their ingest best authority on their own experience, and it views the client as being fully capable of transactling their own potential for growth. It recognizes, however, that achieving potential requires favourable conditions and that under obstinate conditions, individuals may well not grow and develop in the ways that they otherwise could. In particular, when individuals are denied acceptance and haughty forecast from others, or when that positive regard is made conditional upon the individual behaving in particular ways they may begin to lose touch with what their own experience means for them, and their innate tendency to grow in a direction consistent with that meaning may be stifled. This does offer a unique perspective for both client and therapist to book an unlocking of the clients genuine self.The premise of this theory is that human beings are innately good and disposed free opportunity they volition strive for goodness, further reaffirming the core conditions. If we believe that humans are good, we should always be able to supply unconditional positive regard, congruence and empathy. The role that theory plays in the process and protrudecome of counselling has been a subject of discussion, for al nearly as long as counselling has been a profession. While schools of therapy have argued that diametrical theories produce differing and n unmatchablequivalent outcomes, this position h as been challenged on numerous occasions. Fiedler (1951) first observed that therapists of differing orientations were very similar in their views of the ideal therapy. Then Sundland and Barker (1962) reported that more than experienced therapists tended to be more similar, regardless of their theoretical orientation. In their extensive review of the subject, Gelso and Carter (1985) countryd that most clients will profit about equally (but in different ways) from the different therapies.They go on to suggest that the effect of process and relationship do differ among therapies and that some clients may do better with one approach than with another, based upon these two factors. Finally, Stiles, Shapiro and Elliott (1986) concluded that (a) common features shared by all psychotherapies underlie or override differences in therapists verbal techniques and (b) these common features are responsible for the general equivalence in effectiveness (of therapies). Process and relationship m aybe considered as relevant as theoretical conceptualisation of a given problem. One lavatory assume that a counselling process must be structured for each client irrespective of what theory you adhere to. The work of Rogers does do this by using the core conditions, however arguably less so than other theories due to a lack of distinct techniques. Hough et al put up the following for a successful counselling relationship to occur 1.Establish a safe, trusting environment as outlined by Carl Rogers creating a relationship with the client which is in line with the core conditions. 2. Clarify Help the person put their concern into words. As the person centred approach maintains this is how a client would be assist by being predominantly talking and the counsellor mostly listening.3. Use Active listening find out the clients agenda, what do they hope to achieve by coming for counselling. a) Paraphrase, summarise, reflect and interpret To ensure that there is a greater understanding of what the client is trying to say. b) Focus on feelings, not events counselling is transaction with emotional and moral health, so it is important to unpick the feelings rather than to skim over them, like a layperson would do. 4. Transform problem statements into goal statements allow the client to depict a plan towards attaining their goal. 5. Explore possible approaches to goal, to narrow and deliberate their choices. 6. Help person choose one way towards their goal which is feasible. 7. specify a contract to fulfil the plan (or to take the next step). 8. Summarise what has occurred, clarify, and get verification from the client that this is still their goal. 9. Get feedback and confirmation that the goal dust as before. Ultimately as with all the Counselling paradigms it is key to enable the client to gain control of their own life and reach their own conclusions. The main paradigms underpin the processes of counselling usually, however the lesser known models are also u sed.If this washstand be agreed upon, this might suggest that the Person centred approach does fulfil the needs of a therapist when diagnosing a problem and creating a plan where they are guided but the content is filled by the client. The Person Centred approach also gave rise to the concept of The organismic Self a state which is considered to truly be intact for a short space of time, in basic terms this is a descriptor of our pure selves, being exactly as we are without external influence. This theory tracks our human experience and maintains that this soon becomes weakened by what is called the Self Concept. Self Concept is the term given to explain outside influences on the Organismic Self. It could be said that the battle contact by who we authentically are as heap and what the world and significant people around us feel we should be is what causes us to feel lost. If we think of the Organismic Self as being at one with ourselves and feeling that who we are, what we do and our general feeling of inner harmony as being comfortable, the opposite is straightforward of the Self Concept, this is generally a feeling of awkwardness, feeling lost, unreal and can result in later life as a crisis.Humanistic approaches in general are concerned with topics which are meaningful to human beings which makes it especially good as a theory for counselling. Humanistic approaches are also considerate of subjective experience and unpredictable events which occur in human waits. Does this then suggest that the Person centred approach is flexible and allows the therapist to address all matters which may arise rather than, comparatively using a CBT(Cognitive Behavioural Therapy) approach which focusses solely on the present. As a composite of the Person centred approach and general Humanistic theories, it is important to let in the concept of Self Actualisation. The phrase was first coined by Kurt Goldstein, but is perhaps better known as associated with Abraham Masl ow and his hierarchy Of Needs and is defined as below .the thirst for self-fulfillment, namely the tendency for him the individual to become actualised in what he is potentially.This tendency might be phrased as the desire to become more and more what one is, to become everything that one is capable of becoming. In reference to his Hierarchy of Needs theory, Maslow advised that only 1% of all people are self-actualised which would infer the need for counselling assistance to be great. As mentioned above the flexibility of this approach may be deemed to allow therapists to treat a vast number of clients, as the growing need for counselling emerges. The non-intrusive nature of the therapy a the relatively comfortable set-up of the counselling sessions within the Person Centred approach highlights how easy it is to apply this approach practically. We certainly know of the efficacy of the Person Centred approach, in its comtinued use in modern day therapy, however we must consider the strengths of other currently used approaches to illustrate where the Person Centred approach could improve.I have chosen to use the Psychodynamic approach to explore this. One of the strengths of the Psychodynamic Approach is that it provided a valuable insight into how early experiences or relationships can affect our adult personality. One of the examples of this is that fixations can be caused at the Oral Stage of psychosexual ontogenesis such as being separated from the primary caregiver too early. These fixations can then lead to psychological problems. Supporting evidence for this strength was carried out by Jacobs at al (1966) using Rorschach inkblots to compare the orality of smokers and non-smokers. It was found that smokers emerged as being significantly more oral.Another strength of the Psychodynamic Approach is that it is the first approach to try and attempt to explain mental illness in psychological terms and has had an enormous influence on the understanding and trea tment of mental disorders. An example of this is Psychoanalysis and Dream Therapy which aims to make the unconscious material conscious so it is easier to deal with as Freud believed that dreams showed our hidden desires. Evidence to support this was carried out by Sandell (1999) who studied the symptoms of more than 700 patients before and after three years of psychoanalysis and found that patients had significantly fewer symptoms after the therapy.The Psychodynamic Approach also displays weaknesses, in that most of Freuds is based on findings of case studies, and anecdotal references where cases are often unique and there are problems with generalisation.Like the Psychodynamic Approach, the Person Centred approach does not tin the importance of historical and small fryhood events. This is highlignhted in their subtheory Conditions of worth which are defined as restrictions imposed on self-expression in order to earn positive regard, which are not in and of themselves a bad thing , however it is possible for these conditions to be overused that they can begin to be a problem. For example a child will seek to satisfy the condition of worth imposed by their parents without realising, parents may create more complex conditions for gaining their attention. As children grow they learn a new set of rules for gaining attention, the best predictor of consequence for behavior is past experience. As such a child may learn that to receive praise from their Father is to get good results at school or join the football team. From another perspective, a child may learn that they get more attention when they fail at something or are feeling sad, as opposed to when they are successful and happy. They may also find that they are surrounded by more friends, more often when they behave in a particular way or indulge in particular activities that are pleasant.By the time an individual reaches their teenage years, most people have a complex system of rules to abide by if we want to receive love, praise and positive regard from others. Slowly this system of conditions of worth works its way into a persons overall way of viewing the world they live in. They adopt these conditions as their own values, blocking out the true organismic values that comprise who they really are. As their real self is blocked out by this take system of values, incongruence results. The rules for love and positive regard lead them to live a different life, a life incongruent with who they really are, a life that does not satisfy all their other needs and tragically, often doesnt even truly satisfy their need for positive regard. Due to this, people can become unhappy, anxious and depressed, but often they only try to revise and change the conditions they are using for positive regard.They may change their veneer, but not the root of the problem. They only shift the contents of their complex system of worth rather than trimming it back and exposing their real, true values. Its this latter state that Person Centred therapy seeks to create, allowing the counsellor to simply try to remove any conditions of worth from their relationship with the client. They offer only unconditional positive regard. This creates an environment in which a small crack is placed in the persons overarching system of conditional worth. In such an environment the person can begin to acknowledge and understand what it is they truly want and need.These values are always trying to be heard, but are blocked out by our complex set of constructs we use to try to gain conditional positive regard. Person centred therapy simply creates a place where this system is pushed back, and ones true values can emerge. A person is then free to consider who he is and what he wants, without the threat of a loss of positive regard. No matter what is said, he can expect unconditional regard. Overall this subtheory shows a consistency throughout the Person Centred approach, tying the main premise of the core conditions to the way in which each client is treated.To conclude my assessment of the usefulness and effectiveness of the Person Centred Therapy, I hope to have demonstrated my current level of understanding regarding this subject and illustrated how it can be used practically. It is clear that the current and continuous widespread use of the Person-Centred approach attests for its effectiveness in practice. It is good and justified to always focus on the client and their journey through whatever problems they are facing and this particular approach maintains the therapist in doing so. I believe that the most effective method of treating patients is that adopted by Chrysalis, a multidiscipline approach, whereby one can amend the tool used based upon the presented problem.ReferencesWebsiteshttp//www.bapca.org.uk/http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Person-centered_therapyhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-actualizationhttp//wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_organismic_selfhttp//www.person-centered-th erapy.com/conditions-of-worth/TextsEdward L. Deci, Richard M. Ryan (1985) Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behaviour springer Publishing.