The Military Decision Making Process - 1096 Words

The Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) is a repeating plan of procedures used to understand the situation and mission, develop a course of action, and produce an operation plan or order. The MDMP integrates the intangible and comprehensive aspects of planning and integrates the activities of the commander, staff, subordinate headquarters, and other partner involved in the planning process. We need the MDMP because it allows the leader to apply thoroughness, clarity, sound judgment, logic, and professional knowledge to understand conditions, develop choices to solve problems, and obtain results. The MDMP aids in the collaboration and planning with the higher headquarters. The higher headquarters gather and shares information concerning future operations with subordinate and neighboring units, supporting units, and unified action partners. They plan meetings, issues warning orders or use other means. The MDMP consists of 7 steps that have numerous inputs and outputs. The out puts can lead to an increasing understanding of the situation. The commanders and the staffs perform these steps consecutively. They may revisit several steps as they learn more about the situation before constructing a plan or order. The 7 steps of the MDMP are receipt of mission, mission analysis, course of action development, course of action analysis, course of action comparison, course of action approval, and orders production. The first step is the receipt of the mission. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Military Decision Making Process923 Words   |  4 PagesDecision making is identifying the problem, analyzing the problem, find solutions for the problem and decide the solution for the problem. This is the army definition of Decision making. â€Å"Decision making is knowing if to decide, then when and what to decide. It includes understanding the consequence of decisions.†(FM101-5) The military decision-making process (MDMP) is â€Å"An iterative planning methodology to understand the situation and mission, develop a course of action, and produce an operationRead MoreThe Military Decision Making Process Essay1406 Words   |  6 PagesThe Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) is an analytical and deliberate process that commanders follow using seven steps that includes the receipt of the mission, mission analysis, course of action development, course of action analysis, course of action comparison, course of action approval and orders production. The MDMP gives leaders a thorough process to follow that provides clarity and synchronization for operations even under time-constrained environments. We need an Army that is trainedRead MoreMilitary Decision Making Process647 Words   |  3 PagesMilitary decision making process (MDMP) The MDMP is the Armys solution to decision-making and assists the commander and staff in developing a plan and estimates. The MDMP is analytical and detailed through all levels. The commander decides the procedures to use in each instance, his plan hinges on clear visualization, and he uses the entire staff to make his plan. The steps in the MDMP are the following: Receipt of mission - the structure starts with orders issued by higher headquarters of anRead MoreThe Military Decision Making Process Essay2496 Words   |  10 Pagesused in the Army when it comes to military decision making, problem solving, and planning. The intent is to better understand and explore different ways to apply this concepts. As Non-commissioned Officers we serve as advisors to our Commanders and leaders. It is imperative that we are involved and able to assist in the planning process of our unit’s operations. We need to have a complete understanding of the seven steps in the Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) and the eight steps in theRead MoreMilitary Decision Making Process And It Essay2225 Words   |  9 PagesMilitary Decision Making Process and It Is Used In Staff Operations In today’s Army the role of the non-commissioned officer (NCO) is ever changing. They are known as the backbone of the Army and play a crucial role in today’s battlefield. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the roles that a Staff NCO plays in an organization and how they ensure our combat effectiveness no matter what situation they are put in. To be combat effective, Soldiers need to carry out the orders that areRead MoreEthical Decision-Making in the Military Decision-Making Process5155 Words   |  21 PagesEthical Decision-Making in the Military Decision-Making Process Contribution to the JSCOPE 2000 Conference â€Å"Moral Considerations in Military Decision Making†. Dr. D. (Desiree) Verweij Lieutenant Colonel G.A.A.M. (Gà ©rard) Cloà ¯n (drs.) Major E.C. (Erhan) Tanercan MED (drs.) E-mail: ilmo@army.disp.mindef.nl Tel: +31 76 527 46 53 begin_of_the_skype_highlighting +31 76 527 46 53 end_of_the_skype_highlighting Introduction A great deal hasRead MoreMilitary Decision Making Process ( Mdmp ) Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pages Military Decision Making Process SGT Williams, Christina Non-Commissioned Officers Academy Advance Leaders Course Class # 172-16 Phase 1 DL Abstract The Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) is a decision-making model to assist military members in making sound military decisions and to compile operation orders. This paper will describe MDMP and show how it can be applied to daily operations. The paper will identify the steps in the model and describe how critical thinkingRead MoreThe Military Decision Making Process Essay1235 Words   |  5 PagesThe Military Decision Making Process The Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) is a decision-making model to assist military members in making sound military decisions and to compile operation orders. This paper will describe MDMP and apply it to a recent job-related decision of the author; preparation for a combat logistics patrol (CLP) while deployed in Iraq. The paper will identify the steps in the model and describe how critical thinking impacted the decision. The Steps of the Military DecisionRead MoreMilitary Decision Making Process Essay885 Words   |  4 PagesIn the view of global security,(2011) The military decision making process abbreviated as MDMP is a planning model that establishes procedures for analyzing a mission, developing and comparing courses of action(COA) that are best suited to accomplish the higher commander’s intention and mission. The MDMP comprise of seven stages and each stage depends on the previous step to produce its own output. This means that a mistake in the early stage will affect all the other stages that follow. These stepsRead MoreMilitary Decision Making Process ( Mdmp )1243 Words   |  5 Pages Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) SGT Alexander, Joseph Non-commission Officers Academy Senior Leader Course ALC 166-16 Phase 1 dL Abstract The historical process of creating and implementation of the Military Decision Making Process has changed significantly since World War I. The US Army did not have a published staff doctrine or guidance to assist commanders in the decision making process. The Regulations for Field Maneuvers (1910), did not provide staff guidance

World War I And The Great War - 1147 Words

perspective of being the First World War, it truly lived to the name of â€Å"The Great War†. While no war is ever simple, this one was very complex for its time. It was a vast war with a revolutionary impact on military advances. The end result of the war, catastrophic. It was a conflict on a global scale that later involved over thirty nations. If anything it was a war on politics, and really illuminates what poor political stamina can result in. With all of this in mind the question stands, â€Å"What made WWI so relatively destructive?† and that can be answered when everything is taken into account. Its fell on the While international rivalry played a factor in the overall outbreak and relative destruction of World War I, it held nothing in comparison to use of old warring strategies, trench warfare, combined with the new technological advances and sheer militarily might that was born. In World War I a major strategy used consisted of digging numerous parallel trenches facing the enemy, so they would be less visible. This is now known to be Trench Warfare. In the beginning of the war, these trenches were thought to be a great tactic at the time. It was easy to communicate to allies, and made it easier to defend a position from oncoming attacks. Ideally it was not the best plan, because this became an epidemic as new instruments were introduced to the battle field. It made it nearly impossible to make an advance on either side, making this strategy basically obsolete in terms ofShow MoreRelatedThe Great War : World War I894 Words   |  4 Pages The Great War: World War I World War I, otherwise known as the Great War, began as a small battle that eventually developed into a prodigious uproar between several countries. WWI’s beginnings are controversial and historians throughout the world have several theories about the destructive event. Said to be one of the most disastrous and ruinous struggles between nations, The Great War lasted from July 1914 until November 1918. Referred to as a World War because of the global participation andRead MoreWorld War I And The Great War1472 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War I was usually suggested to as The Great War. The war began sometime in 1914 and lasted four years, ending in 1918. America endorsed, in this era, a great amount of devastation. Throughout those four years alone approximately nine million casualties occurred and in addition millions more were mutilated, grief-stricken, handicapped, or traumatized. World War I is referred to by some, the first catastrophe, man-made, of the twentieth century. Many historians continue to contemplate the essentialRead MoreThe Great War Of World War I1490 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great War also considered to be World War I, although not initially named that due to not knowing that there would have been a second one. The war lasted from 1914-1918 and was one of the most violent wars known to history. Before war broke out many of these countries were flourishing economically and wanting to advance their country. During this time period many of the countries were unified and if there was one country that were to engage in war with one then it would cause a major war. ARead MoreWorld War I And The Great War1004 Words   |  5 PagesWorld War I or the Great War as it became known, occurred due to many causes, some of which are still unknown. The obvious trigger was the assassination of the heir to the AustriaHungarian throne archduke Ferdinand and his wife Sophie on the twenty-eighth of June 1914. But a great portion of the cause dealt with past disputes between the Great Powers and such aggressive principles as Nationalism: the strong feeling of pride and devotion to one s country, Imperialism: the domination of one countryRead MoreWorld War I And The Great War1249 Words   |  5 PagesWhenever you come across World War I, don’t you ever deeply think about how it all started? Who would have known that just 2 pulls of a trigger could have triggered a demoralizing World War? World War I, also known as â€Å"The Great War,† was a war that primarily took place in Europe. It officially started on the 28th of July in 1914 and it unexpectedly lasted until the 11th of November in 1918 (about 4 years). The most predominant countries that fought in this war include Great Britain, France, RussiaRead MoreThe Great War And World War I Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesBetween 1914 and 1918, many of the worlds leading countries were neck to neck in a bloody and gruesome battle known as the Great War or World War I. The United States practiced its policy of isolationism, a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other countries. However, in April 1917 the United States officially entered the war. Although the United States only fought in two battles, at St. Mihiel and the Meuse-Argonne, the fighting took a heavy toll on American lives. In anRead MoreThe World War I And The Great War1560 Words   |  7 PagesWorld War One , also known as the Great W ar was a global war fought between the allied powers and the central powers from July 1914 to November 1918. The assassination of Franz Ferdinand led to the outbreak of world war one. Franz Ferdinand was the arch duke of Austrian-Hungarian Empire and was considered as the heir of the Empires monarchy throne. However there was many other factors that caused world war one. Alliances which is an agreement between two or more countries which gives help if oneRead MoreWorld War I And The Great War1196 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom this 20th century time period under the influence of mass media. World War I, or the Great War, was one of the bloodiest wars of all time. It was a war sparked by militarism, alliance, imperialism, and nationalism. However it’s affliction laid the groundwork for post war prosperity. Nearly all social classes felt its benefits. Workers rights improved, taxes were lowered, technology advanced, and industry boomed. The war was brutal and the roaring twenti es were a chance for the United StatesRead MoreWorld War I And The Great War1509 Words   |  7 Pagespower. World War I, also known as the Great War was the outcome of many tensions and a sequence of calamitous incidents that plunged Europe into a disaster zone. Due to the use of the machine gun and trench warfare, most of the war was a battle of attrition between the â€Å"Triple Alliance† and the â€Å"Triple Entente†. Millions of people fought and died in this war, among them thousands of Canadians. There have been many attempts to reconstruct experiences and battles of the First World War in proseRead MoreWorld War I And The Great War915 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War I, also known as the Great War, was one of the most important and traumatic war in history. It left many countries in devastation and chaos. Countries involved in the war, like Europe and America promised to prevent any other future world war because of the millions lives taken and the destruction caused to the world in the previous war. However, peace was not enjoyed for long and after two decades, the Second World War began from the issues that were left unresolved from the previous conflict

Dostoevsky Essay Research Paper Dostoevsky first presents free essay sample

Dostoevsky Essay, Research Paper Dostoevsky first nowadayss Smerdyakov, in The Brothers Karamazov, in Book 3 of Part 1. The writer divulges inside informations of the construct of the 4th boy of Fyodor Pavovich Karamazov. Late on a September eventide, a rummy Fyodor, by modern criterions, colzas a stateless adult female. Stinking Lizaveta, the victim of Fyodor # 8217 ; s force, was a fable in the town. Regardless of her unattractive and soiled visual aspect, her poorness, and homelessness, the townsfolk regarded her with understanding and compassion. Fyodor, on the other manus, treated Lizaveta as an insubordinate who was undeserving of even an ounce of regard. He and his friends mock her. He, so, rapes her. And, as if these actions are non barbarous and violative plenty, he vehemently denies any of it go oning. Subsequently, when Lizaveta gives birth to Fyodor # 8217 ; s bastard boy, it is Grigory and Marfa who take the male child in, baptise him, and make up ones mind to raise the kid. We will write a custom essay sample on Dostoevsky Essay Research Paper Dostoevsky first presents or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The townsfolk erroneously recognition Fyodor for taking the dead adult female # 8217 ; s child into his house. All of these upseting actions on the portion of Fyodor are cause for his penalty. While Fyodor neglected his fatherlike responsibilities to his other three boies, to this 4th, he rejects them wholly. He finds the contention around the enigma of the male child # 8217 ; s construct amusing. He employs his ain boy as one of his retainers, as his flunky. Although unbelievable attending to item is paid to the narrative of Lizaveta, Dostoevsky waits to talk of the male child himself. It is as if the writer is all ready dividing this last boy. Dostoevsky claims to non desire to travel into item about Smerdyakov so as non to deflect the reader from the narrative. However, it is an purpose set-up on the portion of the writer. When we eventually learn more of this cryptic character, it is non until four chapters subsequently. Dostoevsky is curiously able to sum up the character of Smerdyakov in merely five pages, whereas, with the characters of his brothers, he needs many more pages. In this manner, the writer is demoing the mistreatment of this guiltless male child by all who know him. Grigory is ashamed of him. He spreads the narrative of Smerdyakov # 8217 ; s birth and ruins his repute indefinitely. All three of the brothers treat Smerdyakov non as an equal, but as a retainer. Despite his shows of intelligence, Smerdyakov is labeled and mocked by everyone. He is called a flunky, an buttocks, a villain, and more. So, rather predictably, we find out in the 6th chapter of Book 3, that Smerdyakov is, to state the least, acrimonious about his mistreatment. Smerdyakov seems to be innately cognizant of the force, discourtesy, and inhuman treatment from which he was conceived. He is externally cold and passionless. Inwardly, he has a batch of choler. As a kid, he maliciously unleashes this inward wrath in the ceremonial violent death of cats. Thankss to a Frank and mean-spirited warning by Grigory, he is to the full cognizant of his place as a subsidiary in the house of his male parent. Dostoevsky, rather efficaciously, shows that this boy is non merely treated otherwise from the other boies, but is besides really different in character. The similar feature of the three Karamazov brothers is their explosive exhibition of their passion. The youngest Karamazov, Alexei, is passionate about faith. He passes some clip in the town monastery where he is greatly influenced by the senior Zosima. Even though he decides against populating his life as a monastic, he vows to continue the instructions of his wise man. Throughout the full book, he attempts to exhibit to others the workings of his God. Alexei is greatly admired and respected for his dogged dedication to the truth. He embodies spiritual devotedness, pureness, and spiritualty. The 2nd Karamazov, Ivan, is passionate about his mind. He is known as an educated and rational adult male. He is the lone boy to hold graduated from college. Ivan # 8217 ; s reappraisals of books are published and his name is familiar in literary circles. He takes great pride in his gifted head. He is consumed by his love for books. Dmitri, the eldest Karamazov brother, holds a somewhat more complicated passion. His passion lies in dishonest and immoral actions. He is presented as a lover of adult females, money, and intoxicant. His nature is fun loving and easy-going. He seems to pull contention and is ever surrounded by illegal, unethical, and unscrupulous activities. Smerdyakov, on the other manus, does non exhibit this common Karamazov trait of explosive passion. Dostoevsky exactly outlines in the 6th chapter how Smerdyakov is different in this regard. In this chapter, Smerdyakov consistently rejects the three passions that consume the lives of his three brothers. First, Smerdyakov challenges Grigory # 8217 ; s instruction of the Scriptures. He offends Grigory by oppugning the plausibleness of the Bible. He rejects faith. Then, Fyodor recommends a book and is offended when Smerdyakov finds it tiring. Smerdyakov besides finds no wit in a book that is supposed to be amusing. He rejects books. Finally, Smerdyakov proves to be trusty and honest because he returns money to Fyodor. He rejects immoral activities such as stealing. Smerdyakov # 8217 ; s passion stems from his birth in Fyodor # 8217 ; s garden and ripens in his dreams while asleep in the kitchen. His passion is cooking. He closely examines and surveies the different features of nutrient. He is so s ent to developing school in order to go a cook. Smerdyakov has a terrific bent for pull stringsing nutrients. The concluding dishes about ever turn out absolutely. His culinary prowess imbues his personality. Smerdyakov conjures up a formula for delightful fish soup every bit good as a formula for sweet retaliation on his household. Smerdyakov # 8217 ; s full being from uterus to decease is on the outside of the lives around him. He is born outside of the birth order accepted by society. This is symbolically demonstrated by the fact that his birth took topographic point exterior. The retainers of Fyodor # 8217 ; s family deliver the babe male child in the garden. As a kid, he sleeps separated from the other members of the house, in the kitchen. The writer reinforces this separation by presenting his character independent of any other characters. Fyodor physically separates the male child from the family by directing him to Moscow. Ironically, while all of this physical separation is placed upon Smerdyakov, he is unable to divide himself from the one thing that haunts him. He can non get away his yesteryear and his destiny. Within the fenced garden where Smerdyakov was released from his female parent # 8217 ; s uterus, he is everlastingly attached to his female parent # 8217 ; s repute and trapped by his ain destiny. Smerdyakov is good cognizant of his batch in life. His smeared name follows him to Moscow where the physical distance is evidently non sufficient. While he is externally distanced and separated both by others and by himself, inside he is restricted and confined by his fortunes of birth. Smerdyakov, externally appears to grudgingly accept his destiny, while inside he cooks up a strategy to seek retaliation. In the same manner that he meticulously inspects his nutrient as a kid, Smerdyakov tickers and digests every spot of information about his brothers and his male parent. He inquiries and challenges their thoughts and beliefs. He learns of their oddities and passions every bit good as their abilities and insecurities. He in secret gathers all of these points and shops them in his caput as ingredients for his formula. Like a true broth-maker, he neer divulges his secrets. His formula is for the absolute devastation of all who surround him. Smerdyakov skilfully adds the right sum of barm in order to coerce the hysterics, insanity, and mayhem of the people to lift to alone highs. Seasoned absolutely with the precise figure of slayings, whippings, unwellnesss, suspects, and victims, his formula is for the eventual ruin of the people connected to his life. Smerdyakov is undeserving of his batch in life and of the mistreatment of those around him. But, true to his namesake, which is non Karamazov, his passionate wrath is non explosively exhibited to anyone. On the contrary, he cutely secret plans and strategies, manipulates and anguishs, with a mask of apathy and artlessness. He tempts Dmitri to the scene of the offense like a kid to sugarcoat. Smerdyakov sets-up an easy opportunity for Dmitri to perpetrate the offense that he has been endangering for some clip. Knowing his character, Smerdyakov is cognizant of Dmitri # 8217 ; s cowardly inability to transport out his menaces. However, impassioned by the opportunity, Dmitri, Smerdyakov knows, will surely show himself at the right clip and topographic point. Smerdyakov cleverly devises the program to hold Dmitri look as the chief suspect while he himself is able to transport out the existent slaying. After old ages of obeying the mortifying bids of his master/father, Smerdyakov takes retaliation into his ain custodies. He cracks unfastened his male parents cruel and unfair caput at the same clip as he places his maestro at his pess. Smerdyakov so places the guilt of the slaying onto Ivan. Smerdyakov plays on his compulsion with cognition and his continuity in deriving it. It is non until Ivan comes to him for the 3rd clip that Smerdyakov hands him the truth, the cogent evidence ( the money ) , and the duty of the slaying. Smerdyakov says continuously throughout the book, it # 8217 ; s ever interesting to speak with an intelligent adult male. He mocks Ivan # 8217 ; s intelligence because he knows that Ivan can non manage certain truths. Ivan, so, becomes so burdened with this cognition that he becomes insane. Smerdyakov handles the devastation of his 3rd brother a small otherwise. Alexei cares to an utmost extent about others. He is profoundly affected by the agony of Ilyusha and the other schoolboys. Smerdyakov knows that by merely impacting the two brothers whom Alexei loves, he is besides impacting Alexei. Alexei, to no help, efforts to salvage what remains of his brothers # 8217 ; dehumanized provinces. While Smerdyakov # 8217 ; s actions are cunning and fallacious, he knows at every minute precisely what he is making and why he is making it. He is to the full cognizant of his ain quandary. He is born into bad luck, efforts to revenge his name, and wreaks havoc upon this little Russian town. While he carefully manipulates people and skilfully executes his programs, he is cognizant besides of the immorality of slaying. Like Zisoma # 8217 ; s cryptic visitant, Smerdyakov commits his offenses out of passion. He does non wait for the jury to see his instance. Like the cryptic visitant, he has convicted himself of slaying and sentences himself decease. Smerdyakov # 8217 ; s barbarous offense and barbarous penalty finish a full life of force get downing at his construct. His passionately violent nature erupts implosively beneath a mask of implacable composure.

What is Dropshipping How Does Dropshipping Work in 2019

What is dropshipping? Its a unique way to run an e-commerce store that lets you get started with little to no investment.More specifically, dropshipping lets you skip the heavy inventory requirements of running an e-commerce store, instead letting you outsource inventory management and order fulfillment to third-party suppliers.Let’s dig a little deeper to help you understand what is dropshipping and how it works, while comparing it to a traditional inventory-style business. Then, well also share how you can get started with your very own dropshipping store. Every time a customer places an order, youll forward it to your supplier, who will then ship the product(s) directly to the buyer. There is no hassle for packaging or shipment. Furthermore, you can export all the product details from the wholesaler (such as Alibaba) to your own e-shop.Think of it as a three-step process:The customer places an order for $100 (product price).You pay the supplier $50 (wholesale price).The sup plier ships the product to the customer and you keep $50 (profit amount).How does dropshipping work?There are three important factors in a dropshipping business: the supplier, your store, and the customer.Supplier First, you need to find a supplier/wholesaler. The supplier will be responsible for your order fulfillment and holding the physical inventory. One of the most popular sources for suppliers is AliExpress, but you can find plenty of independent suppliers as well (though it takes a little more work).Your store   This is the actual e-commerce store at which a customer will place their order. You just need to upload the product catalog, including clean images, item details, and a unique description. There are different e-commerce platforms that work well, with WooCommerce and Shopify being the two most popular options.Customer After an order is placed, you will get a notification, and you can direct it to your supplier. You only need to pay your supplier when a converted vi sitor makes the payment.Dropshipping model vs inventory modelAn inventory store is where you keep a stock of your products. In this model, products are shipped from your store. Unlike drop shipping, an inventory requires a lot of investment because you need to have the physical products on-hand at all times.Ease of workNow that weve answered the question of what is dropshipping, lets compare its effort to the traditional inventory model.The inventory model requires you to set up a warehouse to keep stock for the items you are going to sell. You also need to hire employees for physical work. Additionally, it is important to get your inventory insured. Managing your storage space could be a bit difficult.Dropshipping, on the other hand, requires no storage space, as the supplier will take care of direct shipments. You can manage your e-commerce store remotely and individually. Basically, the only things youre responsible for are collecting orders and providing front-facing customer se rvice.Packaging and shipmentWith the dropshipping model, your supplier will handle the entire shipment process from packaging to delivery. There are minimal handling charges (in addition to product cost).In the case of inventory, you need to handle and ship products on your own, so you will have better control over the delivery process.Cost-effectivenessThe main reason most start-ups choose a dropshipping model is its low capital requirements. You don’t need a physical space for dropshipping, so there is no investment for a warehouse, buying bulk stock, or hiring multiple employees.However, your margins might be lower, as the supplier will want a larger cut for handling fulfillment.Additionally, because theres so little capital investment required, there are fewer barriers to entry for competitors.Basically just as the dropshipping model makes it easy for  you to get started, it also makes it easy for potential competitors to get started, which is another thing that can dr ive down your margins.Can you dropship using WordPress and WooCommerce?While Shopify is one platform that a lot of dropshippers use, its not the right tool for everyone, especially because youll need to pay comparatively high monthly fees even at the beginning when your store is small.Thankfully, you can also use WordPress and WooCommerce to create a dropshipping store.WooCommerce is currently the most budget-friendly platform for starting an online store. You can use WooCommerce for free and only pay the hosting charges. When youre just getting started, you can find quality WooCommerce hosting for as little as $3.95 per month.Also, Shopify has fewer theme options in comparison to WordPress, so you can get an upper hand over your e-commerce competition.We have a quick guide to help you set up a WooCommerce-based dropshipping store in just a few minutes. And youll also want to consider these must-have WooCommerce plugins.ConclusionNow that you can answer what is dropshipping, it†™s time you choose your product supplier.For an easy way to get started, you can browse the huge array of suppliers at AliExpress. You can easily order samples to test product quality and delivery time.From there, you can test multiple products on a dropship store. Start your store with five to ten products in the beginning and see how it goes. Then, you can drill-down on the products that convert the best. What is #dropshipping? Learn about the #eCommerce model that lets you run a store from anywhere 🛒 Click To Tweet Do you have any additional questions about dropshipping or how it works? Ask away in the comments!Free guide5 Essential Tips to Speed Up Your WordPress SiteReduce your loading time by even 50-80% just by following simple tips.

Free Essays on Is Africa The Dark Continent

use. One such forum is www.genealogyforum.rootsweb.com. More information dispelling another myth of the name is www.theglobists.com. Most people frequently use the word Africa, not only for the continent, but as a common denominator for 50 countries, 720 million people and 1000 languages. A huge number of religions, tribes and groups of people each with a very different history. We also use terms like "African culture", "African music" or "African religion" even though there is no single culture, music or religion in common for all of the countries/regions. "Africa" is not an African word. The origin of the word is still a little uncertain, but it is credible to see a connection from Latin (Africa = sunny) and Greek (Aphrike = not cold). The Romans were the first to use the name. For them it covered Tunisia and the most northern parts of Algeria and Libya. Egypt was already known territory, but further South was unknown land. Around 2,000 years ago "Aethiopia" seems to have been used to describe the land found south of Sahara, but Europeans later used "Africa" to describe the entire continent. This is why we began to see Africa one land with only one kind of people. Strangely enough it changed from the land of sunshine and warmth to "the dark continent". It has always been comfortable and easy for Westerners to see Africa as a whole. Africa used to be somewhere far away with dark skinned people, having customs so different from our own. A land of fairytales or sometimes horror. Today we are a bit wiser, but it still seems like an impossi... Free Essays on Is Africa The Dark Continent Free Essays on Is Africa The Dark Continent Originally using â€Å"Africa† as a key word to search on the net, and individual will come across over 800 different websites. Mostly the websites will deal with weather, safari’s, and politics. If one digs deeper they will eventually come across the knowledge that there are some websites explaining the â€Å"Truth†. These websites mostly come in forums and then in the definitions of the words use. One such forum is www.genealogyforum.rootsweb.com. More information dispelling another myth of the name is www.theglobists.com. Most people frequently use the word Africa, not only for the continent, but as a common denominator for 50 countries, 720 million people and 1000 languages. A huge number of religions, tribes and groups of people each with a very different history. We also use terms like "African culture", "African music" or "African religion" even though there is no single culture, music or religion in common for all of the countries/regions. "Africa" is not an African word. The origin of the word is still a little uncertain, but it is credible to see a connection from Latin (Africa = sunny) and Greek (Aphrike = not cold). The Romans were the first to use the name. For them it covered Tunisia and the most northern parts of Algeria and Libya. Egypt was already known territory, but further South was unknown land. Around 2,000 years ago "Aethiopia" seems to have been used to describe the land found south of Sahara, but Europeans later used "Africa" to describe the entire continent. This is why we began to see Africa one land with only one kind of people. Strangely enough it changed from the land of sunshine and warmth to "the dark continent". It has always been comfortable and easy for Westerners to see Africa as a whole. Africa used to be somewhere far away with dark skinned people, having customs so different from our own. A land of fairytales or sometimes horror. Today we are a bit wiser, but it still seems like an impossi...

How to Write a Research Paper in APA format

How to Write a Research Paper in APA format How to Write a Research Paper in APA format Writing in APA When asked to write a research paper, it can be a very daunting process, but when it is required to be written in APA format it can intimidate even the most competent writer. Foremost in learning how to write a research paper in APA format you will need to understand the APA style and what the basics are in the APA format. The APA format is the official writing style of the American Psychological Association and is used most commonly in psychology, educational and social science papers. Examples of APA research papers would be when one has to write case studies, literature reviews and methodological articles. Before starting to write your research paper in the APA format it is important to pay special attention to the directions given to you in regards to the paper. You will be expected to follow certain guidelines as stipulated by your lecturer. It is also advisable to keep a bibliography of all your sources while you are busy researching your paper, this will allow you to write your reference list with ease once our paper is complete. Writing Your Research Paper A research paper is in short a presentation of your research done on a specific topic. It is based on your information gathered from a variety of sources and allows you a way to communicate them in a logical and clear way. Your paper should include four main sections: Your title page, which should be no longer than twelve words; followed by a comprehensive summary of your paper, which is titled â€Å"Abstract† and should only be around two hundred words; your main section which is the actual essay and where you would present your findings; and lastly, your references which will list all of your sources alphabetically. The basic rules for writing a research paper in APA format are as follows: the recommended typeface is Times New Roman with a 12 point font size. One-inch margins and double spacing are required throughout the paper. Each page must be numbered consecutively, and must be done in Arabic numerals, this will include your title page and reference page. The numbering must appear in the upper right hand corner. Short titles are to be used throughout the paper, which must be a derivation of the title of the paper. I would advise though that you refer to latest edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association if you are going to tackle writing your own research paper in APA format. APA Research Writing Assistance As you can see to write a research paper in APA format can be a difficult and time consuming task. Our professional writers are well acquainted with APA formatting and will do it flawlessly. Why not order your paper from us and get not only a well formatted paper, but a customized essay that is plagiarism free. Place your order now and let your worries disappear.

Summary Of The Platos Allegory Of The Cave Personal Statement

Summary Of The Platos Allegory Of The Cave - Personal Statement Example The prisoners shall take the names of the objects whose shadows they see, but to see the real objects they are referring to the need to turn their heads around which is not possible for them. They are in fact names of those things which do not fall before our vision but we can comprehend them only with our minds. Plato says that if the prisoners are released, then they would be able to turn their heads to see the real objects and, therefore, realize their error and in the real sense, and only then the prisoners would be able to grasp the objects. The implication of these terms in our real life lies in the point similar to the turning of the prisoner’s head and comprehending the real objects through grasping it with our minds. Plato intends to describe through the Allegory of the Cave that it is essential for the human mind to attain the understanding of the objects at the reflective realm. But despite this fact, it is quite true that the ability of the human being to think and speak depends on the understanding of the forms. The prisoners might mistake any object with the name of some other object if they are really not aware of the name of that particular object that they have seen. And in a very similar fashion, human minds might obtain the knowledge of the concepts by our inherent and perceptual experience of our physical objects. But at the same time, human mind might mistake any object if it is thought that the concepts human mind is grasping are equal with the objects perceived.

Global supply chain management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global supply chain management - Essay Example The presence of this ingredient in the beef burgers of Tesco revealed a weak supply chain with missing standards for quality control and lack of proper accountability measures. Moreover, it was found that the supplier was the main person responsible for this major fraud and he deceived his customers. Although the fraud was committed but the customers’ trust was lost in the big brands and it impacted the reputation of Tesco to a great extent. It showed that the global supply chains are ineffective as they are unable to check the quality of the supplies and outsourcing the value chains has not been such an effective decision in the long-run for the organisations. In order to make sure that the logistics framework is collaborative and integrated, it is mandatory for Tesco to maintain a balance between the contemporary supply chain demands and sustainable elements of the logistics framework. Every organisation has to make sure that it successfully meets all the three obligations o f the sustainable supply chain structure i.e. economic, social and environmental. Since a firm exists to make profit and give customers value proposition offerings, Tesco makes sure that it meets the customers’ needs but it has to keep a strict control on the upstream and downstream activities of its value chain so that any errors are avoided. In order to make sure that the logistics framework is collaborative and integrated, it is mandatory for Tesco to maintain a balance between the contemporary supply chain demands.

Applications of seven habits by Steven Covey Essay Example for Free

Applications of seven habits by Steven Covey Essay This classic best seller for management, organisations and personal development encapsulates Steven Coveys research on 200 years of success literature since his doctoral program. It is perhaps the most influential book for managers and organizations to learn the Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, as the title suggest. It begins with the concept that people perceive the world differently, and we form our own paradigm how we view the world with our own unique lens. Covey explains that paradigms are the source of our attitudes and behaviours. Part of achieving insight involves making a paradigm shift which causes us to perceive things differently. Our paradigms will affect how we interact with others, which in turn will affect how they interact with us. Covey argues that any effective self-help program must begin with an inside-out approach, rather than looking at our problems as being out there (an inside-out approach). We must start by examining our own character, paradigms, and motives. Hence, character and principles are keys to success, effectiveness, and happiness in life. The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People points out: Principles are guidelines for human conduct that are proven to have enduring, permanent value. The seven habits divided into two main groups: private victory (independence) and public victory (interdependence). Habits of Independence: Habit 1: Be Proactive We must use our resourcefulness to work toward our personal goals. Everyone has both a circle of influence and a circle of concern. Worrying endlessly about things outside of our circle of influence isnt particularly productive. Working within our circle of influence is productive. Further, the more effective we become, the more our circle of influence will expand. Habit 2: Begin with the End in Mind What do we want people to say about us at our funerals? How will we be remembered? To succeed, Covey suggests visualizat ion. Every successful outcome is created twice; first one plan and second on implementation. Habit 3: Put First Things First The key to putting first things first is to understand that we have many things we can do which will have a significant, positive impact on our lives. Covey stresses that we must balance Production (P) with Productive Capability (PC). We must keep the golden eggs, but also maintain goose. Prioritization is the essence of time management. Interdependence The remaining habits in The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People are habits of interdependence. Rather than being dependent upon other people, or trying to be totally independent, we learn how to be more effective by effectively working with others. Habit 4: Think Win/Win Thinking Win/Win means seeking mutual benefit in our human interactions. To be successful in the long run, we should learn to consider others win factors besides our own. Habit 5: Seek First to Understand, then to be Understood Most people talk more than they listen. Until we listen actively and seek to understand others, we would n ot be understood. Active listening is about sensing the three modes of communications, i.e. visual, vocal and verbal. Habit 6: Synergize It means that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Combining the strengths of each individual yields multiple outcome beyond expectations, simply 1+12. Habit 7: Sharpen the Saw Just as a machine will wear out quickly if not properly maintained, the same is true for our own personal productivity. We must take care of ourselves. The four dimensions are physical, mental, social/emotional and spiritual renewals. To me, the first concept on paradigm is profound. I agree that when we change our perspectives, our attitudes and behaviours will change. To achieve enrichment in life, we need to understand our own paradigm, crystalize and anchor our principles. I have adopted these principles and find peace in self-awareness, social relationship and professional communications. Covey has successfully synthesised the successful habits of leaders, crystallised and organized them into two progressive segments. In line with child development from birth through death, one indeed grows from dependence to independence in early childhood to adolescence . We then mature to adults, where we progress from independence to interdependence. The seven habits are indeed proven to be critical for any individual to attain private and public victories. Hence it is no surprise that whenever I business leaders within my network on which are some books they would read to enrich their management knowledge, this book is voted as the most influential book that changed their lives. I have personally adopted these habits in my personal and professional communications and testify their effectiveness. I have sharpened my strengths in strategic thinking and leadership by adopting the habits of Begin with the end in mind and Synergize. For instance at the Polytechnic, I mooted the idea of Young GEMS(Go-the-Extra-Miles-for-Service) camp for upper secondary school students to build our prospects for future enrolment. Upon approval from management for the Young GEMS camp, I formed a program team and successfully lead it to implement the camp through skilful synergy of the individuals competence. This book has provided comprehensive coverage on the why and how of each habit. The only gap I see is that the context are US-based. It would be better if there is an Asian version with case studies of local enterprises and leaders, for the benefit of Asian readers. For instance, unlike Americans, Asians are generally weak in questioning skills to seek to understand others. It would be helpful if there are some recommended strategies in questioning to gain insights of others perspectives. Also, Asians tends to individual and less apt to working in teams, particularly in appreciating individual strengths, expressing diversified opinions openly. Asian case studies on Win-win and Synergize would certainly be helpful. There is no doubt that all seven habits are pivotal in todays managers and organisations. I personally have benefited as an account manager in Hewlett-Packard Singapore Sales when I was sponsored to attend the Seven Habits of Highly Effective People one-week course. It has significantly increased my self-awareness, strategic thinking skills, time-management skills and revolutionizes my perspectives in life. I can testify that the Habits are practical prescriptions for building trustworthy and lasting relationships, hence empowering managers to be effective leaders who could develop the most conducive working environment that attracts and retains like-minded talents for the good of society.

Human resources Essay -- Business Management Studies

Human resources Human resources is concerned with the employees who work for the organisation. Wise organisations regard staff as the most important resources. Other resources include money, equipment, buildings, land and, materials, however, if the employees are not motivated and only do the minimum work that us requires, then all the money or equipment in the world won’t make the business successful. On the other hand if the employees are keen to do their best, are well trained and committed to the aims of the business, them most organisations will be successful, this is why employees or human resources are so important. The main activities is the human resources function: - The recruitment, retention and dismissal of staff. - The training, development and promotion of staff. - The monitoring and maintenance of the good working conditions. - Health and safety. - Liaison with employee organisations and trade unions. Denbenhams department store human resources policies RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION POLICY & PROCEDURE POLICY The recruitment and selection decision is of prime importance as the vehicle for obtaining the best possible person-to-job fit which will, when aggregated, contribute significantly towards the Company's effectiveness. It is also becoming increasingly important, as the Company evolves and changes, that new recruits show a willingness to learn, adaptability and ability to work as part of a team. The Recruitment & Selection procedure should help managers to ensure that these criteria are addressed. The Company Recruitment and Selection Policy will: - be fair and consistent; - be non-discriminatory on the grounds of sex, race, age, religion or disability; - conform to statutory regulations and agreed best practice. To ensure that these policy aims are achieved, all appointing managers will receive training in effective recruitment and selection. PROCEDURE THE RECRUITMENT PROCESS The following procedure should be used when a post is to be filled. The appointing manager must: Define the job. If it is an existing post, is an exact replacement required or is this an opportunity to revise the requirements. If it is a newly established post be clear on the exact requirements, draw up a job description and consult the appropriate Director / Human Resources Department in relation t... ...ventative measures. Each level of management shall conduct its undertaking in a manner so as to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that persons not in the Company's employ are not exposed to risks to their health and safety. Every employee shall take reasonable care for his/her own health and safety and for that of all other people who may be affected by their acts or omissions at work. Failure to comply with this policy or with any health or safety requirement by Debenhams shall render any employee(s) responsible liable to disciplinary action, which may include dismissal. All Executives and Managers are responsible for following through to conclusion any particular matter, which gives rise to a risk to the Health and Safety of employees or customers. Health and Safety at Work is a mutual objective of both the Company's management and employees. The Company shall regard its health and safety functions equal to all other functions and therefore will expect the co-operation of all employees. This Health and Safety statement shall be circulated to all employees and displayed on all notice boards in order to ensure full awareness of its contents.

Barack Obama State of the Union Critique

President Barack Obama State of the Union Address Critique The leader of the free world, President Barack Obama, addressed Congress and the fellow citizens of the United States of America on the current State of the Union. The President enlightened America on multiple issues concerning the economy, education, jobs, foreign affairs and more. The speech given on the night of January 27th 2010 attracted over 48 million television viewers. Strong attitudes and opinions were exemplified immediately following the completion of his address. A poll administered by CBS News illustrates that 65% of the (3,968) respondents feel as if the President has accomplished far less than what they expected within his first year in office. Another poll taken by CBS suggests that 47% of (3,571) respondents feel that the biggest blunder under the Obama administration is the lack of focus on creating jobs and unemployment. These statistics are of severe importance to the American people and it is for this very reason that I address this particular issue within this assignment. As a current senior at the collegiate level, career opportunities and job security becomes more of a significant issue as graduation approaches at a rapid pace. Currently, the traditional thought of going to college and attaining a degree and doing well in school does not guarantee a safe-secure career. The direction that this country has been headed for the last decade has frightened many college students into thinking that, â€Å"If a college degree does not solidify a good job what will? † This issue increases the growth of concern for our nation. It did not take very long for the President to address the job dilemma that the country is facing. Within 15 minutes of his lecture, he noted that creating jobs is the focus for 2010. In concordance with the President, I also believe that jobs should be at the top of the agenda because in order to revamp the economy it is very essential to get the unemployment rate down. If the unemployment rate stays where it is or gets worse by increasing, Americans will continue to look for ways to cut back spending. Due to the lack of jobs being created and fear of job loss, we, the people, are currently on edge and have trouble deciding whether to invest or save. With the addition of new jobs, our faith will strengthen and confidence will grow within us to do both and that is what has to happen in order for the economy to regain legs and get the country running as it should. Later in his speech the President goes on to note that the engine of the American economy has been and will always be that of small businesses. In a valiant attempt to spur hiring, the president called for the elimination of capital gains taxes on small business investment and tax credits for new hiring and investments in new equipment. He also states that, â€Å"It’s time to finally slash the tax breaks for companies that ship our jobs overseas, and give those tax breaks to companies that create jobs right here in the United States of America. † With this plan, the President has called for an end for tax breaks for companies that ship our jobs overseas but to help fund tax cuts that reward companies for investing and creating jobs in the United States. Moreover, the President future supported his notion to create new jobs in America by mentioning that the government will invest $8 billion into a rapid train system which will start construction in Florida later this year. He states that this attempt to have the fastest most-reliable train system will format over 2 million additional jobs for Americans. In another attempt to decrease the unemployment rate he mentions that the United States will increase our exportation of goods to other countries around the world by doubling our number of exports now over the next five years. He continues by saying that to meet this goal, Congress will launch a National Export Initiative that will help farmers and small businesses increase their exports and expand their markets. This will allow other countries to opt for our homeland goods which mean that increasing the production of goods within the United States will create increases in revenue and job opportunities. The President also called on the Senate to pass a jobs bill that he can sign. Stating thatâ€Å"The House has passed a jobs bill†¦. As the first order of business this year, I urge the Senate to do the same, and I know they will. People are out of work. They are hurting. They need our help. And I want a jobs bill on my desk without delay. † The bold and difficult steps the President took to stabilize the financial system have reduced the cost of Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) by over $200 billion, providing additional resources for job creation and for deficit reduction. Within the ladder portion of 2009, the President outlined a package of targeted measures to help further stimulate private sector hiring, including measures to facilitate small business growth, green jobs and infrastructure. Urging for support of the Republicans, the President mandates that it is time for strong legislation to be passed on behalf of the Senate. Out of the major initiatives presented by President Barack Obama I think that there is not a major need for a rapid train system as of right now, I do believe that the ultimate good would be the creation of 2 million jobs because of it. Other than this minor rebuttal, I wholeheartedly agree with majority of the different ideas and concepts that the President proposed in reference to jobs during his the State of the Union Address. In addition, I also have full belief in the fact that this country will arise from economic corruption and return to being the nation of superior power and financial stability. Marcques D. Aghedo February 09, 2010 History & Theories of Leadership 201 Dr. Savage Morehouse College

History of Behavior Modification Essay

Behavior Modification is defined as the use of rewards or punishments to reduce or eliminate problematic behavior, or to teach an individual new responses to environmental stimuli. The goal of a behavior modification program is to change and adjust behavior that is inappropriate or undesirable. Two main tools used in behavior modification are positive and negative reinforcement. Behavior modification can be traced to lab research as far back as the 1800’s and 1900’s. Most of this research was done through experimenting with animals. Many had impacting research, here are a few. Ivan P. Pavlov (1849-1936) -Concerned with stimuli that evoke responses (noise, food, lights, etc.) -Pavlov’s famous dogs: Gastric secretions were stimulated at the sight of food (a reflex response). Indicated that digestive processes could be stimulated without direct contact. -He then focused his research on how connections were made between environment stimuli and reflex reactions. This type of learning became know as Classical Conditioning. -Classical conditioning is concerned with stimuli that evoke involuntary or automatic responses. Edward L. Thorndike (1874-1949) -Not concerned with reflex responses like Pavlov. -Focused on the learning of new behavior. -Well known for his research involving cats and a puzzle- box. -Placed hungry cats in a maze and timed how long it took for them to reach the food at the end of the puzzle. He found that the cats got faster and faster. (learned behavior) -From this research Thorndike formed laws of behavior, one of the most famous being the Law of Effect. -The Law of Effect states that the consequences that follow behavior help learning, and that rewards, positive and negative, provide consequences that increase the learning of behavior. B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) -Like Thorndike, Skinner focused on learning that resulted from consequences. -From his research, such as, the Skinner Box, the pigeon project, and the baby box, Skinner stated that all behavior is followed by a consequence, and that consequence determines the likeliness of repeating that behavior. -When an association between a behavior and a consequence is formed it is known as Operant Conditioning. -Operant conditioning is learning that is based on a trial and error process in which a subject remembers what behaviors have elicited positive, pleasurable, responses and which elicited negative ones. Simply put, behavior modification is based on the idea that events occur before a specific behavior, and events occur after that behavior as well. The appropriate behavior is learned by observing and changing the pre-event behavior and the post-event behavior so that the appropriate behavior  increases and the inappropriate behavior decreases. The use of rewards to help affect this increase in appropriate behavior is called positive reinforcement- i.e.–strokes, gifts, more privileges, etc. The use of punishment is called negative reinforcement. i.e.–spankings, withdrawal of privileges, etc. To stop an inappropriate behavior, first the behavior must be observed. Then, a pattern can be recognized and a system of rewards can then be constructed. Using positive reinforcement, a choice is presented and if a desired action occurs, a reward is presented. If undesirable behavior takes place no reward would be given. This is an example of negative reinforcement. As the juvenile justice system enters a new era, it is faced with major challenges. Each year it is estimated that police arrest nearly 2 million youths under the age 18 on criminal charges. Nearly 10,000 children under 17 appear before judges in the Cook County Circuit Court Juvenile Justice Division every year. The court refers many of these to the juvenile probation department because they offer several alternatives to detention. Electronic monitoring, home confinement, and intensive supervision are among their abundant services. With the collaboration of social service agencies and community-based organizations, the department works to afford every youth in its supervision structured programming and services. All services are performed with an emphasis on public safety while also attending to the needs of minors. The current mission statement of the Juvenile Probation Department is as follows: â€Å"To serve the welfare of children and their families within a sound framework of public safety. The Department is committed to providing the guidance,  structure and services needed by every child under its supervision. In partnership with the community, the Juvenile Probation Department †¦directs delinquent children toward reforming their behavior and making responsible decisions according to the principles of Balanced and Restorative Justice.†(cookcountycourt.org) Alongside this mission the probation department has a prescribed set of objectives that it operates under that assists them in being able to effectively respond to the increasingly complex need of delinquent children. Of the 8 goals named in conjunction with the mission there are two that spotlight principles set forth by the balanced and restorative justice initiative. *To assist the court in developing interventions that serves the needs of the minor and facilitates the restoration of the victim and the community. *To instill in all children a sense of responsibility for their actions and a belief in their own innate value and potential through a combination of individualized attention and community networking (cookcountycourt.org). Prior to the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 1998 the department always encouraged community involvement. But, a more sophisticated approach has been implemented to create equilibrium between the offender, the victim, and most importantly the community affected by the crime committed. They believe no child is beyond the realms of rehabilitation. They are confident that any child can benefit from rehabilitation and treatment. With these realizations in mind, and an increase in juvenile offenders, the probation department has moved away from locking youth up and taken a kinder, gentler approach in dealing with troubled youth. Innovative alternatives to detention are becoming more prevalent worldwide, especially within the confines of juvenile probation. Several program improvements and changes in legislation can be in part credited for these changes. However, the most important factor responsible  for effecting change in the mission of the department is the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 1998. This reform has put in a call to † strike a balance between the juvenile justice system’s long standing orientation toward rehabilitation and the more recent trend toward a more punitive system that holds juveniles accountable for their actions†(ICJIA). The adoption of the balanced and restorative justice plan is outlined in a purpose and policy clause of the Act. Cook County Assistant State’s Attorney Randall Roberts, one of the principal facilitators of the legislation, says the clause gives â€Å"specific guidance to judges, as well as others who work in the system† (ICJIA). With the introduction of this reform the probation department and other agencies working within the juvenile justice system have had to reassess their objectives in a manner that addresses the communities’ need for balance. Keeping the Promise to America’s Youth Nearly five years after this reform the juvenile justice system has recognized the benefits both the system and the child receive when cases are referred for probation instead of detention. Children are indeed responsive to intervention, supervision, mentoring, and other forms of growth and development offered by probation. Proof can be seen in the stories of the 19 men and women in Second Chances who’s lives changes because of the flexibility and leniency of the juvenile justice system. Without the commitment and service of probation departments nationwide such successful second chances would be hard to obtain. aftercare focuses on reintegration into the community, using a counselor. This counselor includes the family and community when assessing their method of care. After a program is made to suit the individual, there is strict supervision, used in conjunction with rewards and sanctions available to the successful candidate.

Slowing down Population Essay

Slowing down Population Essay Slowing down Population Essay Slowing down human population growth by Abortion By way of background there have been over 50 million abortions since the United States Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade, in the year 1973; in fact, this year marks the 38th Anniversary since that decision was made. Almost four decades later an estimated 19 million infants would now be old enough to contribute to the economy today, paying taxes, and paying into Social Security Fund, but they are not here. Furthermore, can be a huge contributing factor in slowing down human population growth. Since the year 2005, it was announce that the Social Security Fund was in trouble. I wonder if anyone ponders this question about of abortion is slowing down human population growth and could have contribute to the Social Security deficit. Should this question be researched in more depth by congress and/or should abortion be outlaw? Abortion is a personal choice and not left for anyone to judge, but it is a huge factor in slowing down our human population growth. In part, The Social Security deficit is funded through committed payroll taxes under the authority of the Federal Insurance Contributions ACT (FICA). The main part of the program is sometimes referred to as OASDI (Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance). Due to the recent deficit there has been and continues to be intense discussions concerning the Social Security system and the possibility of it becoming insolvent. Social Security currently pays out to approximately 53 million Americans and if the government does not find a workable resolution, it said to be bankrupt by the year 2037. It is a fact that abortions lower labor force growth fewer babies mean fewer consumers, less demand for goods and services, and fewer jobs. Pro-Choice economic argues this point, as they tell us that children are too expensive to justify their actions. In addition, to claiming, that the cost of raising children burdens their parents and it also burdens the public with additional welfare spending when poor and unfit mothers bear children. Additionally, that abortion is necessary to check population growth and all costs associated with it. What if that was not the case and the 19 million infants inevitably grew into responsible adults work and pay taxes, or otherwise spend, save, invest and innovate? This could help the slowing down human population growth and our current Social Security deficit immensely. It has been said that abortion is a moral issue and has nothing to do with the economy. Is the USA government going to slow down human population growth by becoming more like China and Forced Abortion as part as Population Control Regime? Over 30 years this has been in force limiting most urban couple to one child in a bid to curb population growth and conserve its limited resources. China has the world’s largest population with more

How to Pronounce the Name of Taiwanese Politician Tsai Ing-wen

How to Pronounce the Name of Taiwanese Politician Tsai Ing-wen In this article, we will look at how to pronounce the name of the president Taiwan, Tsai Ing-wen (è” ¡Ã¨â€¹ ±Ã¦â€"‡), which in Hanyu Pinyin would be written Ci YÄ «ngwà ©n. Since most students use Hanyu Pinyin for pronunciation, we  will henceforth use that, although the notes about pronunciation are of course relevant regardless of system. Ci YÄ «ngwà ©n was elected president of Taiwan on Jan. 16, 2016. And yes, her personal name means English, as in the language this article is written in. Below are some easy instructions if you just want to have a rough idea how to pronounce the name. Then we’ll go through a more detailed description, including analysis of common learner errors. Pronouncing Names in Chinese Pronouncing can be very hard if you havent studied the language; sometimes its hard, even if you have.  Ignoring or mispronouncing tones will just add to the confusion. These mistakes add up and often become so serious that a native speaker would fail to understand. Read more about how to pronounce Chinese names. Easy Instructions for Pronouncing Cai Yingwen Chinese names usually consist of three syllables, with the first being the family name and the last two the personal name. There are exceptions to this rule, but it holds true in many cases. Thus, there are three syllables we need to deal with. Cai - Pronounce as ts in hats plus eyeYing - Pronounce as Eng in EnglishWen - Pronounce as when If you want to have a go at the tones, they are falling, high-flat and rising respectively. Note: This pronunciation is not correct pronunciation in Mandarin (though it is reasonably close). It represents an attempt to write the pronunciation using English words. To really get it right, you need to learn some new sounds (see below). How to Actually Pronounce Cai Yingwen If you study Mandarin, you should never ever rely on English approximations like those above. Those are meant for people who dont intend to learn the language! You have to understand the orthography, i.e. how the letters relate to the sounds. There are many traps and pitfalls in Pinyin you have to be familiar with. Now, lets look at the three syllables in more detail, including common learner errors: Cai  (fourth tone) - Her family name is by far the hardest part of the name. c in Pinyin is an affricate, which means that it is a stop sound (a t-sound) followed by a fricative (an s-sound). I used ts in hats above, which is sort of okay, but will lead to a sound that is not aspirated enough. To get that right, you should add a considerable puff of air afterward. If you hold your hand a few inches from your mouth, you should feel the air hitting your hand. The final is okay and is pretty close to eye.Ying  (first tone) - As you have probably guessed already, this syllable was chosen to represent England and thereby English because they do sound quite similar. The i (which is spelt yi here) in Mandarin is pronounced with the tongue closer to the upper teeth than in English. Its as far up and forward you can go, basically. It can almost sound like a soft j at times. The final can have an optional short schwa (as in English the). To get the right -ng, let your jaw drop and your ton gue withdraw. Wen (second tone) - This syllable seldom clauses problem for learners once they sort the spelling (its uen but since its the beginning of the word, its spelt wen). It is actually very close to English when.  Its worth pointing out that some English dialects have an audible h, which should not be present here. It should also be noted that some native speakers of Mandarin reduce the final to sound more like un than en, but this is not the standardized way of pronouncing it. English when is closer. The are some variations for these sounds, but Cai Yingwen/Tsai Ing-wen (è” ¡Ã¨â€¹ ±Ã¦â€"‡) can be written like this in IPA: tsÊ °ai jiÅ‹ wÉ™n Conclusion Now you know how to pronounce Tsai Ing-wen (è” ¡Ã¨â€¹ ±Ã¦â€"‡). Did you find it hard? If you’re learning Mandarin, dont worry; there arent that many sounds. Once you’ve learned the most common ones, learning to pronounce words (and names) will become much easier!

Greenhouse gas effect and ways to stop them Term Paper

Greenhouse gas effect and ways to stop them - Term Paper Example This paper also seeks to suggest plausible ways on how to reduce GHG emission in order to diminish the impacts of global warming. Data from various sources revealed that the primordial effect of increased GHG is global warming, which is also implicated in changes in the pattern of precipitation and rainfall, sea water level, melting of glaciers, and animal and plant species composition and distribution. Several strategies to reduce GHG emissions are reforestation, proper waste disposal management, and the use of renewable energy such as water, solar energy and thermal energy to generate electricity instead of using fossil fuels. Introduction Greenhouse gases (GHGs), consisting primarily of water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), ozone, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are those gases that can absorb infrared radiation from the atmosphere. These gases are capable of trapping heat, resulting to warming of the earth’s surface (Snyder et al., 2009; Rea y and Hogan,2010). Greenhouse gas emission and the human activities associated with increasing GHG concentration in the atmosphere, is perhaps one of the most controversial issues worldwide yet to be resolved. In fact, it has been reported that since the industrial period, the concentration of these GHGs in the atmosphere has been constantly escalating (Krupa and Kickert, 1989; IPCC, 2011). A time-lapse carbon dioxide monitoring conducted by Muller et al. (2007) revealed that the present CO2 concentration in the troposphere is, by far, the highest level ever recorded during the last 670,000 years, making CO2 the most anthropogenically-driven GHG. Meanwhile, the total amount of atmospheric methane was revealed to have increased by as much as 15% at the end of the 18th century and almost tripled over the last 150 years. Although methane concentration is much less compared to that of CO2, Ramaswamy et al. (2001) reported that CH4 is actually 23 times more potent as a greenhouse gas in comparison to CO2. Ramaswamy and colleagues (2001) also provided evidence that nitrous oxide is even more effective per molecule as a GHG than CH4 and 296 times more potent than CO2. The presence of GHGs in the atmosphere accounts for the phenomenon known as greenhouse effect, so called because the mechanism by which it works is reminiscent to that of a greenhouse. Shown in Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating the processes governing the greenhouse effect. As sunlight strikes the planet, radiant energy from the sun with short wavelengths is absorbed by the earth’s surface without being caught trapped in the atmosphere (Krupa and Kickert, 1989). As this energy is absorbed, it warms the earth’s surfaces and is then re-radiated back into the atmosphere at longer wavelengths. Once again, this long-wavelength energy is captured by GHGs in the atmosphere and is reflected in different directions. Energy directed upwards is released into space while energy directed downwards, wh ich accounts for 90% of the long-wavelength emission, goes back to the earth (Pidwirny, 2006). It must be noted, however, that the greenhouse effect is a naturally-occurring phenomenon. In fact, it makes the earth habitable (Krupa and Kickert, 1989).On the other hand, if GHGs in the atmosphere increase beyond the normal range of GHG levels, the greenhouse effect is enhanced, posing a great threat to all of earth’

Evaluate Auditing Processes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evaluate Auditing Processes - Essay Example The essay will also evaluate the various accounting processes that are being adopted by the federal government in a succinct manner. It is evident that there lay certain specific criteria, which need to be adhered while complying with a standard auditing process. This aspect is also evident in the case of auditing a town or a city. The audit, which has been conducted for the Town of Maywood can be evaluated based on the requirements of GAAS. Theoretically, GAAS is a particular framework, which provides a set of guidelines to be followed by auditors for ensuring accuracy, reliability as well as fairness in the auditing process. The audit conducted for the Town of Maywood was executed with proper observations of the activities performed by the people who were involved with the preparation of its financial statements. It can be affirmed that this particular auditing procedure adhered to the guidelines of GAAS (Kinney Jr, 1986). Notably, the audit report also presented the reason for not considering the financial reports of other towns with which Maywood is associated. This particular aspect also shows compliance of the audit report with the GAAS framework (Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, 2014). Through analyzing the audit report, it can be determined that the audit conducted for the Town of Maywood is in alignment with most of the requirements of the GAAS framework and very little has been omitted or not complied with the same. Prior to the preparation of an audit report, individuals interested both in public administration as well as working as accountants for governmental units must possess an in-depth knowledge about the objectives along with the standards to be followed while preparing an audit report. This may be owing to the reason that the effectiveness of public administration is directly relevant with appropriate

The Reversal of the College Marriage Gap Research Paper

The Reversal of the College Marriage Gap - Research Paper Example It is generally argued that American society has been transformed in the manner that there are visible changes in the roles of men and women at the time of their marriages. (Fry and Cohn). Due to this reason, the resulting changes in the way adults marry have been manifested in the form of late marriages. This bar graph also indicates that the marriage rates of the adults under the age of 20 have subsequently declined due to the changes in the economic status of women. Another study conducted also showed that the average age for first marriage has changed during last forty years as economic hardships as well as the changing relationships between different members of the society have contributed towards the transformation which was experienced by the American society as a whole due to this shift. (National Poverty Center) Graph -2 indicates the changes which took place in terms of ages of the college educated as well as non-college educated adults at the time of their marriage. The results suggest that the average age of the college educated as well as non-college educated adults is almost same at the time of marriage. This change in the ratio of the ages has changed over the period of time, as earlier, non-college educated adults tend to marry at an early age as compared to the college educated adults. The change is however, mainly because of the difficult economic situations with which both types of individuals have to tackle.

Was J.S.Mill Right to Claim that Suppressing an Opinion is Robbing Mankind Essay Example for Free

Was J.S.Mill Right to Claim that Suppressing an Opinion is Robbing Mankind Essay John Stuart Mill asserted that by suppression of any opinion that mankind was being robbed. He based this claim upon several different reasons. The first was that when you suppress an opinion you are assuming that you are infallible which Mill claims is a very dangerous position to hold, Mill says that when an opinion is compelled to silence it may well be correct and so suppression of said opinion denies people of the opportunity to correct their own beliefs. Another reason put forward is that even if the opinion silenced is incorrect almost all opinions contain some portion of truth within them, and the only way to truly progress ones opinion towards overall truth is to take the different sections of truth from other opinions and use them to improve your own. Thus even an incorrect opinion can be highly useful and should not be silenced. Thirdly Mill pointed out that even if the prevailing opinion were completely correct when an opinion goes unchallenged and simply is accepted it often can become dead dogma, by which he meant that for most people it becomes simply a hollow phrase with no real meaning or feeling behind it. Only through constant challenging of ones beliefs, Mill claims, can the belief remain alive and keep its true meaning for people and only when this is true will people use the opinion to actually guide their actions. Due to these three main reasons Mill claims that the suppression of any opinion be it correct or incorrect, is robbing mankind of their chance to amend, change or reinforce their own opinions. One problem with this view is that whilst it does appear to be fairly comprehensive at first it paints a rather idealistic view of truth. Mills argument assumes that there is an absolute external truth and that this is the ultimate aim of all opinion. If there is no truth outside of our beliefs or opinions then his second reason for the non-suppression of opinions is not tenable, as one opinion cannot be improved by incorporating the truth from another opinion. In this case an opinion being suppressed does not rob mankind, as it is not stealing from them the opportunity of anything. A problem with this argument is that it only discounts one of Mills three points, leaving the other two still as valid. Since each of these points works on their own this argument would need to be combined with others in order to fully refute Mills proposition. This is followed on by his assumption that the ultimate search is for overall truth. Nietzsche asserted that instead the search for truth is to find the set of assertions which is most life preserving or life enhancing and that the ultimate external truth of a statement only matters if it is involved through one of these points. If this is in fact the case then both first and second assertions are untenable because they both rely on truth being the overall aim, rather than whatever works best. However Mill would not agree with this assertion as he would argue that through utilitarianism a large part of the ultimate use of an opinion is its truth and so to him even if Nietzsches claim is the best way of searching for an opinion the truth of said opinion is a vital part within this. There are also more general arguments against Mills assertion of absolute free speech and revulsion to its denial. Can absolute free speech always be a good idea? There are statistics to show that, for example, there is a noticeable rise in racially motivated attacks when a BNP seat is held in a constituency. In these cases the attacks appear to be largely motivated by the free speech exercised by the political party, as the rise in racial attacks is not normally accompanied by a change in the makeup of the community. In this case it would appear that the use of free speech has caused attacks on innocent people. It seems very difficult to justify claiming that suppressing an opinion that caused harm to others would be robbing humanity of anything. However one could say that for the BNP party politician to gain the seat there must have been a change in the thought of the community even if the actual people havent and that it is in fact this change in thinking, potentially brought about by any number of issues, that causes the increase in racial attacks. One example, which can be used to support Mills belief, is that of Tiananmen Square. Whilst this would appear to be a victory of suppression over opinion it can in fact easily be seen the other way around. Through the people of China managing to express their opinion much of the world was awakened to the unhappiness within China and an iconic figure was created (tank man). The oppression of the Chinese peoples opinions eventually led to the events at Tiananmen Square where estimates of the numbers of dead range from 200-300 (issued by the Chinese government) to 2000-3000 (from international sources), however the opinion has since just grown stronger. This obviously shows that the suppression of the opinion is harming the people who are willing to die to attempt to express it. However it could be argued that these protestors destabilise the country and could potentially disrupt it enough that it fell into insurgency. From this point of view, extolled by the Chinese government, the act of the suppression of the opinion is for the greater good as it helps to keep the country stable and the citizens safe. Even if this causes them to be unhappy about the state of things it can be asserted that this is better because they are at least protected. In this case they are not being robbed by having their opinion suppressed because it is being supplanted by something deemed to be more important and incompatible with the opinion. In conclusion Mills argument that suppressing an opinion is robbing mankind appears to be fairly stable however not necessarily exactly as he first put it forwards. For example Nietzsches view that the best opinion is one that is most beneficial rather than necessarily true, appears to be a better blueprint for the search of opinions than an external truth. However once this change to the semantics of Mills initial assertion the argument looks to be a solid one.

Tahiti and the French Polynesia :: essays research papers

Spread across nearly 2,000,000 square miles of the South Pacific, in an area as large as the continent of Europe, lies the Territory of French Polynesia and its principal island, Tahiti. Settlers from Southeast Asia are thought to have first arrived in the Marquesas Islands, in the northeastern part of what is today called French Polynesia, around 300 AD and in the Society Islands, including Tahiti, to the west by about 800 AD. Prior to the first European contact, the islands were ruled by a hierarchy of hereditary tribal chiefs. The first Europeans to visit the area were the English explorers Samuel Wallis in 1767 and James Cook in 1769. French explorer Louis-Antoine de Bougainville arrived in 1768 and claimed the islands for France. In the late 1700s occasional ships arrived in the islands, most notably the H.M.S. Bounty in 1788, captained by William Bligh. The first missionaries, from the London Missionary Society, arrived in the islands in 1797. By 1815, with the support of the most powerful ruling family in the islands, the Pomares, the British missionaries had secured a strong influence in much of the Society Islands, doing everything possible to eliminate traditional Polynesian culture by barring traditional dance and music as well as destroying carvings and temples associated with native religion. The French continued to hold influence over the Marquesian Archipelago and eventually were successful in expelling the British and securing influence over much of what today constitutes French Polynesia, leaving the ruling Pomare family as little more than figureheads. In 1880, King Pomare V was forced to abdicate, and a French colony was proclaimed. By 1901, the colony included the Austral Islands, the Gambier Archipelago, the Marquesas Islands, the Society Islands and the Tuamotu atolls to the southeast. The first half of the twentieth century saw periods of nationalistic protest in the colonies which were by then called the Établissements franà §ais d'Ocà ©anie (French Pacific Settlements). It was not, however, until after World War II, when Tahitians who had served France returned home, that pressure forced the French government to extend French citizenship to all islanders. The first territorial assembly was established in 1946, and by 1949 the islands obtained representation in the French Assembly. In 1957, the territory was officially renamed the Territory of French Polynesia. The Republic of France is represented in the territory by a high commissioner appointed by the Republic. Throughout the second half of the twentieth century, limited autonomy was granted to the territorial government to control socioeconomic policy but not defense, law and order, or foreign affairs.

‘Raw’ by Scott Monk Essay

‘Raw’ is a novel written by an Australian author Scott Monk for young teenagers to explore an alternative approach to the juvenile justice system, one that supports and encourages young offenders to take responsibility for their actions. Monk uses significant episodes, contrast in characterisation and a range of language techniques to show the central character journey as he learns to take responsibility for himself. Monks plot is based on a theme which is action – packed with violent episodes such as Tyson and his gang attacking Brett and cutting of all of his hair. As well, it is based on a love triangle where Brett is put in between his new love interest Caitlyn and his ex-girlfriend Rebecca. It also follows a journey theme where Brett changes once he travelled an 800 km journey from Sydney to the Farm. The plot is episodic and highlights the change in Brett. Episodes which show this change and that it is sometimes difficult for him include, walking away from f ighting Mr Douglass, not letting his anger control him, â€Å"he’d lost one fight but won another† As well as apologising to Caitlyn realising that he was wrong and wanting to fix his mistakes, â€Å"And he’d learnt that the hard way that love couldn’t be owned† One main character was used to show the theme of a troubled individual and society’s way of dealing with them. Monk writes in third person but with Brett’s perspective. He also used many secondary characters who are a part of Brett’s journey such as, his love interest Caitlyn, friends Josh, Sam, Robbie and enemy Tyson. Monk also cleverly contrasted characters to highlight the aspects of society, for example, Sam treats the kids like normal citizens, not criminals and tries to help them rebuild their lives, which is contrast to Mr Douglass who makes assumptions about Brett and all of the boys at the farm, not treating them as normal citizens of society and not allowing them to show that people can change. Monk also used Brett’s developing relationships to show his slow growth into someone who has something to offer society. For example, his relationship with Caitlyn teaches him that you need to treat people with love and respect to receive it, he also learnt that other people’s wants and needs are just as important as his own. His relationship with josh allows him to understand  that someone will always have it worse then you and that whatever is happening only you can control and change your future. â€Å"Just remember, Brett, only you can change your life.† The language used in the novel is directed at Monks youth audience. He uses colloquial language, ‘when Brett calls the police (pigs)’ as well as lots of direct speech to show the interactions between Brett and the other characters, (Josh) â€Å"I saw you perving at Caitlyn† (Brett) â€Å"what! Is that her name?† Monk uses descriptive language builds up the imagery of his characters, â€Å"The man looked like an old cowboy or one of those guys who drive cattle, a stockman† As well as the settings used, imagery is sometimes very symbolic for example, Brett leaves Sydney and arrives at the farm in a paddy wagon then 3 months later leaves back to Sydney in the paddy wagon but as a changed man. Monks presentation of the farm as a juvenile detention centre shows his audience another side of this issue. There is minimal security, few rules where Sam and Mary treat everyone as individuals â€Å"don’t call Brett a no-hopper!† Monks theme of the individual being responsible for his/her own actions is shown well. His characters show that when they make bad decisions there are repercussions. For example, Rebecca’s decisions ruined her future, and Tyson’s bad choices ends him in jail. At the start of the novel Brett was consistently making bad choices but by the end of the novel Brett is making good choices, which is shown when he walks away from Mr Douglass. The epilogue of the novel shows the result of this idea when Sam asks if he’s learned anything and he realises he has, â€Å"lots of stuff, like friendship. Trust. Love. And loss.† Even though he is going back to Sydney, in the same paddy wagon he came in, to go to a ‘proper’ detention centre, Monk shows that Brett has changed through his thoughts at the end, ‘He was young and he was going to start again’ Scott Monk wanted his readers to know that if you are in a bad situation only you can change that, but having people around you who offer a second chance can be vital to prove that you can be a good person and you can change for the better.

Business: Automobile and Proton Essay

This assignment contains about business environment. Business environment refers to different forces or surroundings that affect business operations. Such forces include customers, competitors, suppliers, distributors, industry trends, substitutes, regulations, government activities, the economy, and social and cultural factors. Others are innovations and technological developments. We choose Proton Holdings Berhad because we think this local company is the best company for us to do this business environment assignment because this company use this include Macro, Micro and Internal Environment. PROTON COMPANY BACKGROUND Proton Holdings Berhad (stylized PROTON) is a Malaysian automobile manufacturer. It is headquartered in Shah Alam, Selangor and operates an additional manufacturing plant in Tanjung Malim, Perak. The company was founded in 1983 and was the sole vehicle manufacturer in Malaysia until the establishment of Perodua in 1993. Proton is a Malay acronym for Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Sendirian Berhad. (English: National Automobile Company Private Limited). Proton was largely a manufacturer of badge engineered vehicles from Mitsubishi Motors between 1985 and the early 2000s. The company has since produced several indigenously designed vehicles and operates in at least 26 countries, of which the majority are in Asia. Proton was formerly owned by Khazanah Nasional, the investment holding arm of the government of Malaysia. In January 2012, it was taken over by DRB-HICOM, a Malaysian conglomerate in a transaction amounting RM1. 2 billion. Proton, predominantly reliant on the local industry is currently undergoing major structural and internal changes, as evident in the appointment of a new owner, partner, Chairman and the launch of various new and upcoming models in an effort to gain an international presense and increase profitability. PROTON produced Malaysia’s first car, the Proton SAGA which was commercially launched on July 9, 1985 by Malaysian Prime Minister, Dato’ Seri Dr. Mahathir Mohamad who conceived the idea of a Malaysian car. One of the reason of this achievement is due to the introduction of new models with higher profit margins, stronger sales volume, savings from group-wide cost-reduction initiatives, income from the sale of rights for use of Intellectual Property Rights relating to a vehicle platform (for the China market) as well as the R&D grant. For the year 2008, PROTON’s focus would be in the core areas of product, quality, cost efficiency and distribution network. PROTON aims to have a strong product portfolio by introducing â€Å"the right car, for the right market, at the right price and at the right time†. This was reflected in the organisation’s newly introduced Exora, Persona and Saga Models, with the latter powered by the new CamPro IAFM engine. PROTON has also continued to update and refresh existing product lines to entice and attract customers. PROTON cars are also known internationally as competitive and innovative automobiles. PROTON now is being exported to 50 countries like United Kingdom and continental European markets, thereby realizing its goal of being an internationally successful Malaysian automobile manufacturer. The first PROTON car was exported in 1986. The number has increased steadily and in 1998, Malaysia exported a total of 18,422 units to countries and areas, including Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brunei Darussalam, Chile, Cyprus, Egypt, Fiji, Germany, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Maldives, Mauritius, Oman, Philippines, Qatar, the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovenia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan Province of China, Turkey, United Arab Emirates and United Kingdom. The models being exported include Wira, Sedan/Aeroback, Satria and Putra. PROTON’s exports are the most successful in the United Kingdom due to its competitive pricing strategy and its buyback arrangement with car rental companies in the country. PROTON also benefited from the Generalised Preferences Scheme that made it easy for them to enter the United Kingdom market. PROTON has introduced a few upgraded models with higher engine capacity and sporty design to establish its presence internationally. PROTON is focusing to be more customer-oriented and by producing competitively priced and innovative products. It is therefore contributing to the Malaysia’s attainment of Vision 2020. Main Body. Macroenvironment a) POLITICAL FACTORS Currently, most of ASEAN region are free trade or 96% of the entire ASEAN trade. Asian Free Trade Area was established in January of 1992 in order to eliminate tariff barriers among the Southeast Asian countries. It planned to reduce tariffs to zero to 5% in 15 years among the six nations through a common effective preferential tariff (Ghani & Zainuddin 2008). If we are going to check on the high selling prices of the national cars of Malaysia because of high production costs and lack of vendor efficiency, there is a big possibility that the local market will be ruled by imported cars. In Malaysia, PROTON prices are kept comparatively lower to foreign manufacturers through protectionism. Protectionist policy has largely been blamed for PROTON ‘s stagnating performance. b) ECONOMIC FACTORS The vehicle sales in the country is expected to fall by year by year due to different economic aspect, primarily the issue of global financial crisis, which affected the local financial status of the country (AseanOneMonitoring 2009). As a result, the government of the country is expecting a slow economic growth for the country, which can affect the buying behavior of the customers. Furthermore, due to the AFTA, it had increased the competition, which will impact the performance of Proton. c) SOCIAL FACTORS The growing population in the country is one of the factors which can affect the automobile industry. Furthermore, the ratio of car ownership in the country is somewhat high or total of 1:5, which signifies that people are considering cars as important things in their lives. Furthermore, people will also set on big-ticket items or consumers are expected to put off buying different motor vehicles because of the employment market uncertainty because of the global and local financial crisis (AseanOneMonitoring 2009). d) TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS Due to the increasing competition, the development in technology is growing and affecting the performance and position of each and every company in the automobile industry. It is also important to consider the maturity of technology, together with the maturity and capacity of manufacturing, which affect the innovation process of any company. Due to the different technologies, primarily the help of computer and the Internet, the potential for innovation and development is increasing. Microenvironment * Suppliers The supplier has a neutral power over the industry. This is because there are few dominant suppliers in the industry who are well known for quality and brand image. Provide the resources to produce goods and services. Treated as partners to provide customers service. Proton Supplier, AV Ventures steering, wiper and washer and window regulator systems. Ichikoh, Head lamp, mirror (also for Toyota, Nissan, and Subaru). * Other stakeholders Proton’s key stakeholders are the Environment, the Malaysian government, the Malaysian public, car owners as well as its vendors and suppliers. The Malaysia Government owns 52% of Proton shares through Khazanah, Petronas and ValueCap. ValueCap is a government investment arm. The government also heavily subsidizes the production of proton cars by giving grants and exemptions/tax credits. But despite that, Proton continues to make loses. The Malaysian public is the indirect shareholder through EPF (Employees Provident Fund), government unit trust funds Amanah Saham Bumiputera, Amanah Saham Malaysia) and Lembaga Tabung Haji. Together these funds hold around 20% of Proton shares. Additionally, it is the public that pays the tax, which then is used to provide grants and tax credits. Proton also involves in sponsorships in the area of education and sports as well as donations to the needy. Customers or car owners can’t find the exact figures of active Protons cars currently being driven all over Malaysia but I would estimate the figure to be around 3 million (assuming no cars have been fully retired). The figure is justified since I can still see many first generation Proton Saga cars on the road. Environment also externality factor to be considered by having almost 3 million proton cars on our road (most of the cars produced are sold locally in Malaysia !! ). Moreover, the earlier generations of Proton are nearing retirement and may need to be sent to scrap yard and contribute to our ever increasing waste disposal problem. Vendors and Suppliers More than 80 per cent of Proton components are currently produced or supplied by automotive component manufacturers and suppliers. Proton’s network of 287 vendors and approximately 3,000 sub-vendors currently supply more than 5,000 individual components and parts for its cars. * Intermediaries We continued to work with our distributors and dealers in a number of ways, most importantly, on programs designed to enhance the sales and service experience for our customers. The strengthening of the domestic sales and service network remain our key focus to improve customer service and maintain our market share. Proton Cars Australia recorded retail sales of 1,388 units, an increase of 55%. This was the second largest increase in percentage terms of any OEM in Australia. The higher sales were attributed to the success of the Jumbuck (Arena) which accounted for 786 units. Proton Cars UK managed to retail a total of 507 units of Jumbuck (Arena), which represented 80% of the sub one ton single cab petrol pick-up market. Total sales however, recorded a decline of 14% with the gradual phasing out of the old products. Proton has continued to achieve excellent results in the 2004 UK J. D. Power Customer Satisfaction Survey. Proton tied for 10th position in the Overall Top Brand Category out of 33 brands and was placed second in Dealer Service Satisfaction, just behind Lexus. Further inroad into the neighbouring Asean markets is expected in 2005 with the establishment of Proton Edar Indonesia and Proton Singapore. * Competitor The big competitor in Malaysia in term of automobile companies and affordable car is PERODUA. The competitive environment as we can see roughly in Malaysia is affordable car where all citizens in Malaysia can buy it and the car maintenances also cheap. Here, the porter four are been applied for more clearly because the competitive environment not only about the competitor. It can be about the economic recession, natural disaster and etc. i) Competitive Rivalry In Malaysia, there is not too much competitor around affordable car. The low cost car as I mentioned above (cheap maintenance) is not have a lot of competitor in generally. The affordable car in Malaysia also, gets more potential to sell compared to luxury car. The luxury car is only certain people used. As we see the environment in Malaysia, 1 family will have more than 1 car. For sure, the first car they will choose the cheaper car and affordable car. ii) Threat of New Entrant (high) The economic recession will be a big threat for PROTON. As we know, all big company will facing over budget or does not achieve the sale for that year. The government will lose a lot of money cause of policy and shareholders. By the way, economic down turn actually comes suddenly without notice. iii) Threat of Substitutes (high) Substitutes also will be a big threat for PROTON. Malaysia has to national car. The First automobile is PROTON and secondly PERODUA. The substitutes will high in term of car model (some of car model looks similar), and car spare part. iv) Buyer Power Buyer will choose the low cost car for the first car and buyer also actually are fragmented. So, it will not has much influence. * Customer Customers are the source of our income. We deliver on our promises to our customers’ satisfaction. The process in identifying the consumer target for new Proton Exora 2 is important due to the fact that consumers tend to have different brand knowledge structures and thus they will perceive differently for the products or services. Proton has successfully identified their target market, according to the segmentation bases namely behavioral, demographic and psychographic factors. INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT Marketing The company used to segment its market on variables such as behavioral, demographic, and geographical differences. Behavioral Segmentation: Behavioral segmentation is based on the customer’s needs and subsequent reaction to those needs or toward the purchase of intended products and/or services. Demographic Segmentation: Demographic segmentation refers to a wide study of the potential customers. Since the company is targeting its market to more economy class customers, demographic segmentation is employed by the company. Geographical Segmentation: Geographical segmentation is done by dividing people (markets) into different geographical locations. The company targets markets of different countries other than Malaysia. Production PROTON’s model products include WAJA, SATRIA, GTi, WIRA, ISWARA, ARENA, PERDANA V6, JUARA, PERSONA and EXORA. The range of 1. 3, 1. 5, 1. 6, 1. 8 and 2. 0 litre engines satisfies a wide spectrum of customers both locally and abroad. PROTON’s model products include WAJA, SATRIA, GTi, WIRA, ISWARA, ARENA, PERDANA V6, JUARA, PERSONA and EXORA. The range of 1. 3, 1. 5, 1. 6, 1. 8 and 2. 0 litre engines satisfies a wide spectrum of customers both locally and abroad. Based on technology and parts from Mitsubishi Motors, production of the first model, the Proton Saga began in September 1985 at its first manufacturing plant in Shah Alam, Selangor. The 100,000th Proton Saga was produced in January 1989 and latest model is Suprima S. Finance Proton maintained huge financial profit thought the 1980s till 2000 due to their high market share in Malaysia. But with the launch of an arch rival Perodua in 1993, Proton was about to have a big run for its money and this came to reality in the 2000s. Proton’s market share dropped in 2006 to 30. 4% for the Malaysian market. Their generated revenue of 7,796 ( Million in Malaysian Ringgit) in 2006 was the second lowest in the last seven years as the company have always hit the billion Ringgit mark in the previous 7 years. This fall allowed Perodua to overtake Proton as the country’s largest passenger carmaker for the first time in history, with a 41. 6% market share while Proton fell from 40% in 2005 to 32% in 2006. Their market share continued to reduce down to 23. 1% in 2010 mainly due to new government policies. For example, under AFTA, Malaysia has reduced import tariffs, admittedly after having secured a two-year deferral from ASEAN. Import tariffs on completely built-up (CBU) unites were reduced from a band of 70 – 90 percent to 20 percent at the start of 2005. However, it is important to understanding that Proton losing its market share to Perodua, another Malaysian automobile that was formed a decade after full operation of Proton could hint some gaps in their management system. In other to justify these claims, it is necessary to have a look at their in-depth financial performance since the 2000s and how they have coped with loses in relation to their internationalization project. Personnel The overall thrust of our Human Resource strategy is to recruit, reward and retain the best employees. During the year, a number of recruitment road shows were conducted in Malaysia as well as the UK among leading engineering and business universities to meet our growing requirement. The response was overwhelming and more such road shows are being planned for the coming year. An internship program for graduate trainees was implemented during the year to meet the growing needs of the business. The Human Resource Management Group has continued to be the key forum for the communication of policies and issues affecting the employees. The Group comprising representatives from the Senior Management and the Proton Workers Union meet on a monthly basis to discuss strategic human resource issues affecting employees. It is a unique program that allows regular communication and prompt resolution of issues as well as participation by the Union in the development of policies affecting the employees. Research & Development The Group continues to research new technologies with the ultimate aim to put these innovations into production through partnerships with Tier One Suppliers or OEM customers. Two such advancements likely to see production are engine technology AVT (Active Valve Train) and chassis technology VVA (Versatile Vehicle Architecture). The Group has also invested significantly on the development of new innovative products to meet the challenges of the market place. During the financial year, the Group invested RM542. 9 million (2003: RM413 million) in research and development. For 2004, total development expenditure increased significantly with work focused on the development of new models on a number of platforms including the leading edge Versatile Vehicle Architecture (VVA). The VVA reduces the time it takes to bring a new product to market and helps meet changing demand more quickly. Globally, we are moving towards shared technologies so that vehicles can be differentiated while using common components. The reduction in development time will create greater efficiency and the standardisation will also lead to greater economies of scale in purchasing components. Development has also begun on an aluminium-bodied vehicle built on the VVA platform. Increased fuel efficiency and power through weight reduction and material recyclability are key factors that have conspired together to promote the use of aluminium in vehicle body structures for high volume production. CONCLUSION Proton is aiming to become one of the strong competitors of the automobile companies in market. So, as other existed competitors challenge the other proton company, they were inspired by them to develop a quality business for the customers. Competitive advantage is what they are targeting for company and there are business motivational is about the capabilities in automobile companies . Even they are realizing that there are some existed competitors have their own abilities in the automobile, they are also have the buyer Power. The buyer will choose the cheap car for the first car and buyer also actually are fragmented. Therefore, it will not have much affecting. Besides that, they are always finds a way to make the market being effective with their strong distribution network. However, the companies of proton is the most famous company in Malaysia as we know and they will try the best to ensure that damage will occur. Moreover, proton also is one of the companies which give a inspiration on all people and race in Malaysia irrespective early age or that old. Everyone knows, that Proton has various product automobile with the design distinctive. Some, from revenue scooped the great of benefits had rival that high with others automobile company. Even though, it still will ensure that Proton companies will always stable with economy and in terms of from product aspect is that best and high quality.